Corresponding Author: M.
Andhika Putra
E-mail: [email protected]
INTRODUCTION
The global
community is faced with some problems such as the climate crisis, the food
crisis, and the economic crisis. In 2022 the world economic forum (world
economic forum) released a report on risk threats with 50% of the 10 main
problems of the global community being environmental problems (Javaid et al., 2022). The environmental problems that have been mentioned have an
impact, both in terrestrial or inland areas to coastal areas.
The coastal
area is an important strategic area to be developed. This is because the
proportion of coastal areas in the world is 10%, but almost 1 third of the
world's population lives in coastal areas. Judging from the climate crisis,
coastal areas can be one of the locations that are affected in various forms.
The coastal area according to Law
(UU) number 1 of 2014 can be interpreted as a transitional area between land
and sea ecosystems that are affected by changes on land and at sea. (Bahari, 2016). Based on case studies in Indonesia, there are some areas in
coastal areas that face many environmental problems. For example, the problem
of abrasion on the Kuala Leuge beach, East Aceh District which has not been
dealt with comprehensively is evidenced by the government's not yet optimal
policy in mitigating abrasion (Abda,
2019). Other
problems such as the extinction of the Mangrove forest in Taar Village, where
the mangrove forest area is used as a place for wood production for
development, poses a threat to the forest area (Salamor, 2022).
Administratively,
Sedari Village is located in Karawang Regency. Geographically, Sedari Village
is located on the north coast of Java Island. In terms of tourism potential,
Sedari Village, which is located in a coastal area, is one of the potential
destinations. Based on data from the Regional Government (Pemda) of Karawang
Regency, there are 7 natural tourist objects such as Tanjung Pakis Karawang
Beach, New Ocean Beach, Cibendo Beach, Sedari Beach, Cilamaya Kulon White
Beach, Tanjung Baru Beach with the dominance of mangrove tourism in Sedari
Village (Dewi, 2022)However, it is inseparable from the coastal area, Sedari Village
has consequences in the form of the risk of abrasion and other climate crisis
impacts because it is located in a coastal area.
Historically,
according to several sources, this village has a fairly extensive mangrove
forest. The area of mangrove forest in Sedari Village is about 49.20 ha with a
physical carrying capacity of 332.00 people/day, a real carrying capacity of
25,047 people and an ecological carrying capacity of 26.65 ha and the distance
between settlements and the beach is quite far (Readi et al., 2021). However, in current conditions, the distance between settlements
and the shoreline is very close.
This
condition triggers PT Pertamina Patraniaga Fuel Terminal Cikampek to
carry out community empowerment activities. Community empowerment activities carried
out by PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Fuel Terminal Cikampek aim to (1)
formulate an action plan for coastal area restoration and (2) a planting
program and initiation of a post-planting maintenance system (Fatimatuzzahroh et al., 2021).
METHOD
Location The biodiversity program is located in Sedari Village,
Cibuaya District, Karawang Regency, Indonesia. The community empowerment
program in Sedari Village consists of several stages, namely institutional
formation, institutional training, and biophysical development through mangrove
planting. Institutional initiation was carried out at the Sedari Village Hall,
Cibuaya District, Karawang Regency. The tools used in the implementation of
institutional initiation include laptops, LCD projectors, questionnaires,
institutional guides, and cameras. As for planting activities, the tools used
include bamboo stakes, banners, and seed markers. While the material used is
Avicennia marina seeds with a total of 7,777 seeds. On the other hand, as
additional information for programming, we conducted interviews with 10 key
informants including village leaders, village officials, and the community.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
1.
Action Plans and Institutions
In the framework of management science
in general, activities are composed of planning, organization, implementation,
and evaluation. The planning stage of empowerment activities in Sedari Village
includes the socialization of the program that has been implemented with the
number of participants involved being 40 people. In general, the stages in
community empowerment activities are listed in Figure 1 regarding the flow
chart of community empowerment activities.
The socialization activities aim to
describe the program plans that will be carried out; get a picture of the response
of the community's acceptance of the program to be implemented. After the
socialization, the program led to the presentation of the plan for planting
activities and the initiation of Tree Foster Parents (OTAP) (Randy et
al., 2015). The selection of mangrove commodities
or species is based on the function of the existence of mangrove plants. In
terms of function, mangroves can have benefits as a wave barrier, habitat for
marine life, windbreaks, sediment traps, and seawater intrusion barriers
(Imran & Efendi, 2016).
Chart 1. Flowchart of community empowerment
activities in Sedari Village, Karawang Regency
Foster parents are a community-based tree maintenance program by
providing education about the urgency of mangroves and being aware of the
environment. The stages of initiation of the OTAP program consist of initial
discussions on OTAP, OTAP training, and preparation of a supporting policy
framework related to OTAP until the inauguration of the name of the OTAP
management (Wahyudin
et al., 2017).
Figure 1 . Tree Foster Parent Training
In general, both planting and OTAP activities are within the framework of
the big theme Sedari Kang Hari which has the meaning of Sedari Village as a
sustainable and independent green village. The big theme is inseparable from
the condition of Sedari Village which requires efforts to deal with the risk of
abrasion and the continued impact of the climate crisis.
2.
Mangrove
Planting
Mangrove planting activities with Avicennia
marina species were carried out with as many as 7,777 seedlings. The
mangrove planting program by FT Pertamina Cikampek does not only involve
external parties from Sedari Village but also involves community participation.
Approximately 20 people are involved in the mangrove planting program.
Community participation is an important element in the implementation of
empowerment programs to increase public awareness of the environment.
Planting activities cannot be separated
from the abrasion condition of Sedari Village which is getting worse. Now the
distance between settlements and the shoreline in Sedari Village is only about
20 meters, according to information from key informants interviewed, the
distance between the shoreline and settlements is quite far. In line with this,
information obtained from Iqbal (2017) mentions that the description of the
distance between settlements and the shoreline states that people still pass
through the plantation area to the mangrove forest first.
In line with this, mangrove planting
activities have a high level of urgency for areas affected by abrasion. According
to (Budhiman
et al., 2010) areas with large and dense mangrove
areas have lower abrasion values.
�
Figure 2. Planting activities by PT. Pertamina
Patraniaga Fuel Terminal Cikampek
The planting activities that have been carried out are 7,777 with a
spacing of 50 cm x 50 cm. The spacing of 75 cm and 50 cm showed better results
than the distance of 25 cm, between the spacing of 75 cm and 50 cm there was no
significant difference (Nasution
& Feliatra, nd). At the time of monitoring the planting
of the planting area, additional protection is given in the form of a parent
tied to the bamboo. This protective treatment is carried out so that the new
plants planted can be protected from goats in the planting area. The mangrove
planting program is expected to provide positive benefits to the environment.
This is in line with the case study of mangroves in Cuba which states that the
existence of mangroves can contribute to the protection of 22,000 people per
year and avoid the risk of losses due to disasters of 150 million dollars with
an area of 222 km2 or �the
equivalent of 40,000 football fields (Cepal, 2018).
3.
SWOT Analysis for the Sustainability of the Sedari Village Environment
Program
After planting and initiating OTAP
activities, it is known that the community has a positive response to
environmental sustainability programs. In line with this, according to (Haloho
et al., 2019) public acceptance of mangrove forests is
positive.
The SWOT analysis is intended to see
opportunities for program sustainability related to improving the quality of
the environment in Sedari Village. SWOT analysis is used to analyze internal
and external conditions. Internal condition analysis is aimed at identifying
resources, capabilities, and basic competencies. Meanwhile, the analysis of
external conditions identifies market or external conditions (Rangkuti,
1998).
|
Strength
�
High
public awareness
�
High
level of community participation
|
Weakness
�
There
is no measurable data regarding the rate of abrasion
�
Need
more involvement
|
|
Opportunity
�
Natural
tourism potential area
�
Access
to Sedari Village is getting better from time to time
|
Threat
�
Abrasion
rate
�
Environmental
hazards, pond waste
|
Table 1. SWOT analysis matrix on coastal area
development
Based on
Figure 3 regarding the SWOT analysis matrix, it is known that programs or
activities related to improving environmental quality have the potential for
sustainability. This is based on a column of strengths, weaknesses, and
opportunities that tend to be positive or have opportunities for the
involvement of other sectors. Such the need for measurable data and the
involvement of many parties can be a trigger to expand the level of impact.
In the threat
column, some external threats are the main threats to the sustainability of the
program. If the rate of abrasion is much faster than planting activities, it is
not impossible, the challenges of planting activities in the next period will
be more severe because they require physical infrastructure support to
withstand waves. Likewise with the threat of environmental hazards in the form
of waste from community pond activities.
4. Penta Helix Collaboration: Other
Stakeholder Engagement
implementation of the community empowerment program by PT Pertamina
Patra Niaga Fuel Terminal Cikampek is
inseparable from the collaboration between stakeholders. The concept of
community empowerment collaboration carries the concept of the Penta Helix
Collaboration (figure 4) consisting of academia, industry, community,
government, and media.
Chart 2. Penta Helix Collaboration Concept
In the
concept of Penta Helix Collaboration, each stakeholder has its role and
function. Academics in community empowerment programs provide input in the form
of scientific data that can support decision-making. The industry as a
strategic partner, in this case, can be intended as FT Pertamina Cikampek which
can act as investors and agents in regional development. Community means people
who are directly involved. Not only involved, but the community is also part of
the affected. The government is the policy maker and the government in question
is at the provincial level to the village government. The real manifestation of
the role of the village government is the issuance of a certificate from the
OTAP management. The next stakeholder is the mass media. Mass media is needed
to increase public awareness regarding a particular problem to create public
attention in Sedaris Village, Cibuaya District, Karawang Regency.
CONCLUSION
Biodiversity activities in the form of developing coastal areas in Sedari
Village have a high level of urgency. This is in line with public interest in
environmental programs and high public awareness of the environment. A positive
situation can be an opportunity for similar environmental activities to be
carried out in Sedari Village so that the main problems related to abrasion can
be resolved. The activities carried out were training for tree foster parents,
planting mangrove trees to prevent abrasion and increasing the sustainability
of environmental programs in the village of Sedari. So that similar
environmental restoration activities can be one of the efforts to mitigate the
climate crisis or other bad risks in Sedari Village.
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