REVITALISATION DESIGN
OF NORTH COASTAL BORDER IN LEMAHWUNGKUK SUB-DISTRICT WITH URBAN DESIGN ELEMENT
ANALYSIS
Difa
Farhan Fauzi1, Iqra Yudhistira A. F2, Nurulllah
Budisiswanto3, Dinar Oktaria S K4
Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati Cirebon, Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia
[email protected]1, [email protected]2, [email protected]3, [email protected]3
Cirebon is one of the
cities in West Java province. The city is located in the lowlands on the north
coast of Java. The low topography factor is closely related to urban problems,
such as slums in the Lemahwungkuk sub-district of Cirebon City. This research
aims to solve urban problems because, according to the Mayor's Regulation No.
663/Kep.421-DPRKP/2021, Lemahwungkuk sub-district includes Cangkol coastal and
Kesunean coastal areas among the eleven slum locations in Cirebon city. In
addition, there is a plan to revitalize the coastal border area. The method
used in this research is qualitative, using urban design analysis and site
analysis. The data sources were obtained through interviews with 20 informants
and mapping using ArcGIS 10.8 software. The concept of an environmental
approach with an orientation towards the community in the design of the
revitalization of the north coast area in Lemahwungkuk District emphasizes the
physical environment, infrastructure, economy, socio-culture, disaster, and
collaboration between the government and the community. The results of this
revitalization design can also be a recommendation for development in Cirebon,
West Java. In addition, it recommends conservation and tourism activities on
the north coast of Cirebon, West Java. Efforts to overcome the phenomenon of
urban sprawl at the research site by changing the pattern of settlements and
building layout to improve the quality of the community environment and
increase public space and green open space for conservation, tourism, and
aesthetic functions of the region.
Keywords: coastal revitalization, Cirebon,
coastal tourism, north coast
Corresponding Author: Difa
Farhan Fauzi
E-mail:
[email protected]
INTRODUCTION
City design is one of the parts of
forming a city related to physical quality and overcoming problems in the town
This design will make city development
more planned, especially in coastal areas. The main problem is uneven
population growth
According to the Minister of Public
Works Regulation No. 18 of 2010, the Revitalization Area Revitalization
Guidelines are an effort to increase the value of land or areas by rebuilding
areas that can improve their previous functions. Because Cirebon is a northern
coastal city located at the eastern tip of West Java province, its coastal area
needs to be revitalized (Yanuarto,
2022). Therefore, to improve the
quality of slums around the research site, recommendations on revitalization
ideas in the northern coastal area of Lemahwungkuk District, Cirebon City, are
needed. Revitalizing this concept also aims to improve the quality of analysis
of uneven population development problems at the research site. Applying this
concept in the urban planning of Lemahwangkuk District aims to reduce the
problem of urban sprawl and anticipate its effects in the future. In addition,
it is hoped that the urban development system, especially in the coastal area
of Lemahwungkuk District, will focus more on the development of its coastal regions
Basically, in building coastal
recreational destinations, the use of resources can be adjusted to the
potential of resources and the conditions of their use so that their
utilization is balanced
Previous studies have
explored similar issues in coastal cities. Muzakki et al.
The novelty of this
research lies in its comprehensive approach. It integrates urban design
analysis, community engagement, and sustainable tourism into the revitalization
plan, distinguishing it from previous works focusing primarily on
infrastructure or policy. This study also includes disaster risk reduction
measures and promotes socio-economic growth through tourism and conservation.
This research is necessary because it addresses the urgent need for
revitalization in one of Cirebon’s most vulnerable coastal districts, where
slum conditions and disaster risks persist. It also provides a sustainable
coastal urban development model that can be applied in similar areas, offering
long-term solutions that balance environmental preservation with economic
growth.
The problem is
further compounded by uneven population growth and urban expansion, which
negatively impact the quality of life in these coastal settlements. The risk of
natural disasters such as floods, tsunamis, and sea-level rise adds another
layer of vulnerability to the residents in this region. Over the years, these
issues have persisted but have yet to be improved, making it critical to
explore sustainable urban development strategies that can revitalize and
improve living conditions in the area.
This research aims to
design a revitalization plan for the northern coastal border of Lemahwungkuk
Sub-District, utilizing urban design principles to address environmental and
socio-economic concerns. The research seeks to develop a comprehensive strategy
combining urban planning with environmental conservation, infrastructure
development, and community involvement to enhance residents' overall quality of
life. Specific objectives include reducing the effects of urban sprawl,
increasing public space, improving infrastructure, and introducing sustainable
tourism and conservation activities to the region. These objectives align with
local government regulations and broader urban development goals for
sustainable coastal city management.
By addressing the
pressing issue of slum development and proposing a revitalization plan for the
coastal area, this research aims to contribute to the broader discourse on
urban sustainability and disaster risk reduction in coastal cities like
Cirebon. Through a qualitative analysis supported by urban design tools such as
ArcGIS mapping and community engagement, this study will propose actionable
solutions that can serve as a model for similar regions facing comparable
challenges.
METHOD
The
researcher uses qualitative methodologies, especially urban design analysis.
Qualitative research was carried out in natural conditions (natural setting).
Because of this, this method is often referred to as the naturalistic method or
ethnographic method, as they were initially used for research on cultural
anthropology and qualitative approaches because the data collected and analyzed
are more qualitative
Data sources were collected through
interviews with 20 informants and mapping using ArcGIS 10.8 software—the
Concept of a Community-Oriented Environmental Approach in the North Coast Area
Rehabilitation Design, Lemahwungkuk District. The data from interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. This
method involved transcribing the interview recordings and coding key themes and
patterns from the participant's responses. These themes were categorized based
on their relevance to the research objectives, such as infrastructure needs,
environmental challenges, and community engagement. Triangulation was applied
to ensure the validity of the data, comparing insights from multiple informants
and cross-referencing them with field observations and mapping data.
In addition to
thematic analysis, the interview data was integrated with the spatial analysis
from ArcGIS to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the research
area's physical, social, and environmental conditions—this combination of
qualitative and spatial data allowed for a more detailed and contextually
accurate design plan.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
According to Sugiyono
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Figure
1. Definition
of Research Area |
This figure delineates the specific
zones within the research area, including residential neighborhoods, coastal
borders, and commercial spaces. It highlights the areas targeted for
revitalization and identifies critical environmental and infrastructural issues,
such as drainage challenges and slum conditions. The figure serves as a
foundational reference for understanding the spatial context and the scope of
urban design interventions proposed in the study.
1. Physical
analysis of the environment
The
research area still needs to meet the standards of physical comfort, but the
community considers it comfortable because they are used to being in the
environment. Both immigrants and residents have lived there since childhood.
However, a healthy environment is free from waste and maintains its ecosystem.
The physical environmental conditions at the research site became worse because
there were no residential areas, and household waste was disposed of into
drainage channels that were still directly connected to the sea and disposed of
at the coastal border. As seen in the drainage at the research site, the water
is still black, and there are many domestic waste deposits on the beach border.
Therefore, it is necessary to revitalize the environment physically.
2. Socio-cultural
analysis
In
the research area, there are still changes in the social and cultural
conditions of the community at the research location that have a positive
impact (A temporal dimension). Negative consequences are also felt due to
physical changes in the environment and applicable norms (A material dimension
and A symbolic dimension).
3. Economic
analysis
The
economic conditions at the research site impact the community, especially the
fishing profession. Natural coastal conditions provide benefits for fishermen,
but they still depend on other factors.
4. Infrastructure
analysis
The
results of the analysis of the research area demand the development of
infrastructure that is livable, environmentally friendly, and meets health,
comfort, and safety standards. This includes sports fields, good roads, sound
drainage systems, and adequate health and public facilities. The current
research location does not have supporting facilities because the land is no
longer suitable for settlement. Therefore, researchers designed coastal border
areas to help people with activities. They will create sports fields for
gymnastics and other sports mothers, parks to relax and unwind, food shops to
enjoy MSME food, and improve roads and drainage systems.
5. Collaboration
analytics
Collaboration
is a form of social process where the involvement of the community and the
government as policyholders is needed to improve the quality of the environment
for the local community.
6. Climate
change disaster analysis
The
results of the analysis of the research area show that people feel changes in
weather temperature due to physical changes in the Earth's atmosphere. To
reduce the temperature rise, the researchers plan to add more green areas in
the study area because there are currently few trees and green open areas,
which causes the conditions in the research area to be very hot, and not enough
land to absorb the overflow of the ROB flood so that when the flood comes, it
will take a long time to recede. However, by planning green open spaces and
replanting trees, temperatures in the area can be reduced, and flooding in the
research area can recede more quickly.
7. Analysis
of urban design elements
Urban
design elements are an essential part of distinguishing identities and
facilitating the identification of each city to identify city
1) Path
In
the existing condition, the main road to the research area does not have
pedestrian and road access that can only be passed by one car.
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Planning of the Entrance
Area of the Research Area |
The figure highlights the main entrance
routes and how they connect to different zones within the revitalization plan.
It shows three primary access points: the main entrance, the east entrance, and
the west entrance. Each entrance leads to different parts of the area, such as
residential zones, recreational spaces, and the mangrove conservation area. The
design aims to ensure smooth traffic flow and enhance accessibility for both
residents and visitors.
2) Edge
In
the existing location, nothing can be used as an edge. Researchers made an edge
on its distinctive feature, namely the welcome monument of the Lemahwungkukuk
coastal area, which was designed by applying iconic to local wisdom such as red
snapper ornaments and others.
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Figure
3. Coastal
Welcome Monument Design |
3) District
(area)
At the research location,
the entrance area is divided into three because each entry to the north coast
area of the Lemahwungkuk sub-district has different access. The main entrance
passes through residential areas that are prone to the number of small children
playing but are directly focused on the mangrove area and the food court area.
The east entrance will pass more through the park and closer to the mangrove
area. The west door will pass through the flats and get closer to the sports and
food court areas.
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Figure
4. Main Entrance |
Figure
5. East Entrance |
Figure
6. West Entrance |
4) Nodes
The
existing nodes are located in the BAT (British America Tobacco) building and
the old town area in Cirebon is included in the research area. The researcher
plans the Nodes in the research area to be at the welcome monument because, at
that monument, the people who come can choose where to go. To the left will
lead to the food court area and play area, and the right will lead to the
mangrove conservation area
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Coastal Welcome Monument |
5) Landmark
(pendant)
Landmarks
or tourist attractions are a reference point. At this location, the researcher
designed a new tourist area, namely a mangrove conservation area and a coastal
tourist area where the city of Cirebon still needs to be created for the people
of Cirebon City and its surroundings.
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Landmarks of the planning
area |
8. Scalable
analytics
The
analysis of measurable criteria includes calculating building height, the distance
between buildings, and building boundary lines. The calculation will produce an
envelope for the research area's building
9. Unmeasured
analytics
The non-measurable
analysis, as described by Aditya et al.
1) Access
Access
in existing conditions can be passed by cars and motorcycles, but only
pedestrian paths and public street lighting.
2) Compatibility
Compatibility
or compatibility around the planning area does not indicate contrasting or
harmonious buildings; many are created on the coast.
3) View
The
research site has a beautiful view of the north coast. However, the beach
boundary could be better organized, and much garbage is scattered, so
researchers will revitalize the scene to make it a comfortable and fun place
for families.
4) Identity
The
identity of the current research site does not have any icons or distinctive
features that can be used to indicate it. To restore the identity of the
research location, the researcher will plan a recreation place with characteristics
different from those of other research locations.
5) Sense
The
revitalization of the northern coastal area of Lemahwungkuk sub-district,
Cirebon City, is needed to increase the area’s impression and aesthetic value
and make it a distinctive feature.
6) Livability
The
researcher uses zoning to facilitate activities for the surrounding community
and visitors. This concept is known as the comfort of living, meaning that the
surrounding community and visitors feel comfortable in the research area.
10. Site
Analytics
According to Fadlina et al.
1) Environmental
analysis
The environment
around the research site is still a mixture of public (office and commercial)
and non-public activity areas. Therefore, the researcher plans to divide the three
areas so the surrounding residents can live comfortably. The area’s public
activity zone (red) is intended for office and shop areas. The area’s residential
zone (yellow) is intended for community settlements such as housing, flats, and
worship facilities. The Green Open Space Zone (light blue) is designed for
playgrounds, food courts, and mangrove ecosystem areas.
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Figure
9. Environmental
Analysis in the Planning Area |
2) Topographic
analysis
Topographic
conditions In the urban design area, there are two
slope classes between 0 - 2% with a difference in elevation (height) between
0-5 m. This indicates that the area has a flat and not steep slope
calcification. Below is the map from the topographic analysis and the map from
the ground figure analysis, which shows the areas that were built and those
that were not.
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Figure
10. Topographic
Analysis in Planning Areas |
3) Noise
analysis
For
noise analysis in the planning area, the existing conditions are divided into 2:
high noise analysis and low noise analysis. In this study, the researcher divided
the accessibility zone into three zones, namely the high noise zone (red), which
is intended for office and shop areas. The area’s private noise zone (yellow)
is designed for people not disturbed by the crowds caused by road noise and
activity noise from playground areas, food courts, and mangrove ecosystem
areas. The noise will affect this location's semi-public noise zone (pink)
because of the many activities around the playground area, food court, and
mangrove ecosystem area. The change in the zone is expected to make the people
in the research zone area comfortable so that they are not mixed with each
other's activities.
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Figure
11. Noise
Analysis in Planning Areas |
4) Accessibility
analysis
For
accessibility in the planning area, the existing conditions are divided into 2:
high accessibility and low accessibility. In this study, the researcher divided
the accessibility zone into three zones, namely, a high accessibility zone
(dark green) in the area intended for office and shop areas. The private
(green) accessibility zone in the area is designed for people who are not
disturbed by the crowds caused by road noise and activity noise from playground
areas, food courts, and mangrove ecosystem areas. The semi-public accessibility
zone (light green) at this location will be affected by the noise because of
the many activities around the playground area, food court, and mangrove
ecosystem area. The change in the zone is expected to make the people in the
research zone area comfortable so that they are not mixed with each other's
activities.
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Figure 12.
Accessibility Analysis in Planning Areas |
5) Analysis
of solar and wind trajectories
The sun's direction is also a concern in the
design because it affects the comfort and needs of the people in the area at
the research site. The urban sprawl phenomenon requires better organization of
the condition of buildings at the research site, which causes maximum exposure
to sunlight for the community
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Figure
13. Accessibility
Analysis in Planning Areas |
6) Drainage
analysis.
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Figure
14. Drainage
Analysis in the Planning Area |
7) Analyze
the view
Recently,
only one scene has been in the design area, which is at the fishing boat pier.
However, in this study, the researcher will add other scenes so that the people
of Cirebon City, especially the surrounding community, can enjoy more scenery
in the research area, such as playground areas, food courts, and mangrove
ecosystem areas.
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Figure
15. Analysis
of Views in Planning Areas |
8) Vegetation
analysis
The
weather conditions at the research site became hotter because no trees could
ward off or protect from the sun. Therefore, this study aims to increase RTH
and plant trees along the road of the research site to make the conditions more shady and add to the area's aesthetics.
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Figure
16. Vegetation
Analysis in Planning Areas |
11. Design
To revitalize the northern coastal area in
Lemahwungkuk and Kasepuhan sub-districts, Lemahwungkuk District, Cirebon City,
the researcher made a site plan and building envelope. Restoring the function
of coastal and river boundaries is a goal that helps deal with and reduce
frequent disasters, such as flash floods and river overflows. Then, the
phenomenon of urban sprawl at the research site can be overcome by changing the
settlement pattern and building layout to improve the quality of the community
environment and add green space as the area's aesthetic value. However, the
findings of this study make the recession option more attractive to people in
the Cirebon 3 region, especially the city of Cirebon.
v Site
Plan Design
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Figure
17. Results of Design analysis |
v Building
Block Design
In
the design of this building block, the researcher designed the criteria for the
building type and height by SNI and the calculation of KDB (basic coefficient
of the building) and FAR (Floor Area Ratio), which had been analyzed in
advance. In this revitalization plan, the researcher designed three zones: a
mixed zone, a residential zone, and an RTH zone or recreational zone.
1) Mixed
Zone.
The
researcher designed a general area in this mixed zone, such as offices, trade
or shops, and education. As shown in the picture of the building block below.
Figure 18.
Mixed Zone Area Picture
Ø Office
zone.
The
researcher maintains the existing conditions of the office zone, such as an
office area with banks and other offices.
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Figure
19. Cangkol office zone |
Figure
20. Kesunean office zone |
Ø Trade
zones.
This
zone is used for the local community’s buying and selling activities. It is not
too far from the settlement located on the side of the main road, which aims to
facilitate community accessibility; in this trade zone. The researcher provides
two trading zones at the research location.
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Figure
21. Cangkol trade zone |
Figure
22. Sunean trade zone |
Ø Education
zone.
In
this education zone, the researcher designed an elementary school and a
kindergarten next to it to organize the design area and make it easy for the
community to access.
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Figure
23. Elementary School building plan |
Figure
24. Kindergarten building plan |
2) Residential
Zone
In
this residential zone, the researcher designed a semi-private area that is
devoted to residents' settlements; this zone is designed for medium-sized
houses by being equipped with the use of paving blocks on environmental roads
so that waterlogging does not occur with the aim that water can be absorbed by
the soil and flow into the drainage system during the rainy season and flash
floods. Then, to provide comfort in the residential zone, it is complemented by
vegetation along the road that functions as shade, pollutant absorber, and
aesthetics. As shown in the picture of the building block below.
Figure 25.
Pictures of Residential Zone Areas
Ø Housing
A
geographer and urban planner described housing as a physical and social
environment. Housing is a group of houses that are part of urban and rural
settlements equipped with infrastructure, facilities, and public utilities as
part of efforts to ensure livable homes (Law (Law) Number 1 of 2011
concerning Housing and Residential Areas, 2011).
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Figure 27. Cangkol residential area |
Figure 28. Kesunean residential area |
Ø Flat
Flats
can be built on Hak Milik (HM), Hak Guna Bangunan (HGB), or other common land.
Flats are also defined as multi-story buildings constructed in an environment
divided into functionally structured parts in horizontal and vertical
directions. These parts are usually owned and used separately as residences. (Law (Law) Number 20 of 2011
concerning Flats, 2011)
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Figure 29. Cangkol Flat Area |
Figure 30. Kesunean Flat Area |
Ø Worship
The
research site's original number of worship facilities remains, with two mosques
in Kampung Cangkol and two in Kesunean village. However, only one has been
moved, so the community is closer to the place of worship.
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Figure 31. Cangkol worship area |
Figure 32. Sunean worship area |
Ø Road
In
the research area, there are two types of roads, namely Environmental roads
(black color) and Paving block roads (cream color), which are used so that
puddles can absorb into the ground and flow into the drainage system. In
addition, the streets are decorated with vegetation to make them comfortable
and to avoid the hot sun, as shown in the image below.
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Figure
33. Cangkol
village road |
Figure
34. Kesunean
village road |
Ø Drainage
The
river that flows along the design area is a primary network, and the condition
of the river in the design area is very concerning. Therefore, the researcher
added drainage channels on each road so that they do not become piles of
household waste sediment, and when it rains, the water will flow downstream.
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Figure
35. Drainage
of Cangkol village |
Figure
36. Drainage
of Kesunean village |
3) Green
Open Space Zone (RTH)
In
the Green Open Space (RTH) zone, the researcher designed a public space that includes
a mangrove conservation area, a food court area, and a playground in the
northern coastal border area, Lemahwungkuk District, Cirebon City. Apart from
being a conservation function and public space, it is expected to attract
tourists for recreation and improve the community's economy around the design
area.
Figure 37.
Picture of the Green Open Space Zone Area
Ø Mangrove
conservation.
In
addition to being a conservation effort that functions as a barrier against
seawater waves during the high tide, researchers maintain the existing mangrove
ecosystem and increase the area of the mangrove area to be used as a recreation
area and tourist destination in Cirebon City.
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Figure
38. Plans
for the conservation of Kasunean mangroves |
Ø Playground
and food court.
The playground
and food court area are expected to increase the number of open areas at the
design location. In addition, it will attract tourists as a Cirebon City
recreation site and improve the community's economy around the design location.
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Figure
39. Cangkol
Playground and food court plan |
CONCLUSION
This study
aimed to develop a revitalization plan for the northern coastal border of
Lemahwungkuk Sub-District, focusing on several key objectives. First, it sought
to improve the area's physical infrastructure, particularly drainage systems
and public spaces, to enhance living conditions for residents. Second, the
research aimed to mitigate environmental risks associated with coastal
disasters, such as floods and rising sea levels, by integrating green spaces
and effective coastal defenses into the urban design. Third, the study promoted
sustainable tourism and economic growth by developing recreational and
conservation areas that attract visitors and benefit local communities. Lastly,
it emphasized community engagement throughout the revitalization process,
ensuring that the design reflects the needs and cultural values of the
residents.
The findings
from this research indicate significant potential for enhancing the quality of
life in the Lemahwungkuk district. The proposed design interventions address
immediate urban challenges and foster community involvement, promoting
sustainable economic activities through tourism. By introducing green spaces
and improving infrastructure, the study aims to create a more resilient urban
environment that minimizes the risks posed by natural disasters. However, this
study also has certain limitations. The reliance on qualitative data from a
limited number of informants may only partially capture the diverse
perspectives of all community members. Additionally, the findings are specific
to the Lemahwungkuk district and may not directly apply to other coastal areas
with different socio-economic and environmental contexts.
The
implications of this research extend beyond the local community, contributing
to the broader discourse on sustainable urban design in coastal areas facing
similar challenges. The integrated approach to revitalization serves as a model
for other cities looking to enhance resilience and improve living conditions in
slum areas. Future research should consider conducting quantitative studies
with larger sample sizes to gather more comprehensive data on community needs
and perceptions. Longitudinal studies could assess the long-term impacts of
revitalization interventions on quality of life and environmental
sustainability. Additionally, exploring public-private partnerships in
implementing the proposed designs may yield valuable insights for future urban
development projects.
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