Corresponding Author: Bayu Dian Sua Pratama
E-mail: [email protected]
INTRODUCTION
The tourism
industry is an industry in the services field that benefits positively from
social, environmental, and economic factors (Mulyana,
2019). The tourism industry is also developing rapidly,
one of the most significant contributors to Indonesia's foreign exchange (Utami &
Gaffar, 2016).
Indonesia has
34 provinces spread throughout Indonesia, each province in Indonesia has a variety of cultural
characteristics, natural beauty, and uniqueness that has its characteristics of
each province,
one of which is the province of West Java with its capital, Bandung. Bandung is
one of the tourist destinations in West Java, the famous ones from Bandung are
Lembang and Ciwidey (Amalia et al.,
2022).
One of the
favorite tours in Ciwidey is Ranca Upas or Kampung Cai Ranca Upas. Ranca Upas
is one of the tourist attractions located in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, far
from Bandung, 50 km (FIRDAUS,
n.d.). Tourism potential in Ranca Upas is natural
and artificial, with an area of 513.38 hectares with an average temperature of
17-20 degrees. Around the Ranch Upas area is a protected forest with a variety
of flora and fauna, so it is highly recommended to preserve its nature because
this tourism includes ecotourism tourism but is still expected to get
maximum income (Yuga &
Sulistianto, 2019).
The development
of the number of visitors, income, and average consumer spending who came to
Ranca Upas in 2018-2021, according to sources from the RKAP (Work Plan and
Company Budget) of the Perhutani Ecotourism Division, shows that the
development of the number of visitors, income, and consumer spending from the
data is:
|
No
|
Year
|
Number of Visitors
|
Income
|
Average consumer spending
|
|
1
|
2018
|
85.521
|
Rp. 705,861,050
|
Rp. 8,254
|
|
2
|
2019
|
101.283
|
Rp. 1,415,940,700
|
Rp. 13,980
|
|
3
|
2020
|
226.607
|
Rp. 1,933,018,000
|
RP.
8,530
|
|
4
|
2021
|
439.580
|
Rp. 1,824,314,848
|
IDR 4,150
|
Table
1. Ranca Upas Visits, Income & Consumer Spending
Source:
RKAP (Work Plan and Company Budget) Data of Ecotourism Division)
With the
above table obtained from Ecotourism division's RKAP showing a decrease in
Consumer Spending, it is necessary to analyze the potential of tourist objects
so that there will be more Consumer Spending and nature will be preserved. This
research was used and aims to find out the potential that can still be
developed by Ranca Upas, to find out ways to increase consumer spending through
potential development, and to find out the management constraints in developing
potential at Ranca Upas Bandung.
This research also aims to continue the
research results from (Ervi Virna, n.d.) with the title �Promotion strategy of Ranca Upas Village through
culinary events� which are expected to be able to carry out good, precise and
continuous promotion updates, expected to increase the reason to come back to
Cai Ranca Upas Village for the future.
METHODS
In this
study, the author used a qualitative approach to primary and secondary data,
revealing the study's content or meaning. A qualitative approach is based on nature (Rukajat,
2018). Then nature is natural that cannot be
processed but must go into the field.
This
qualitative research is descriptive-analytical. The data obtained is in the
form of observation, interview, questionnaire, document analysis, and field
notes that have been collected and compiled by the author and are not expressed
in the form of numbers (Zakariah et
al., 2020).
Table 2.
Variables, Sub Variables and Research Indicators
|
Variable
|
Sub Variables
|
Indicators
|
|
Attractions
|
1. Natural scenery/panorama
2. Tourist attractions
3. Animal conservation
|
|
Feasibility of Ranca Upas Bandung tourist attraction
|
Facilities
|
1. Accommodation
2. Restaurants
3. Internet access
4. Toilet
5. Swimming pool
6. Onsen
7. Souvenir shop
8. Health facilities
9. Cleaning facilities
10. Security
11. Means of worship
12. Information center
13. Campsite
|
|
Accessibility
|
1. Parking lot
2. Road conditions
3. Availability of public transportation modes
|
|
Ancillary
|
1. Marketing
2. Physical development
|
Source: Author's Processed Data
The sampling
procedure in this study is to use (Purposive Sampling). According to (Lenaini,
2021), Purposive Sampling is a sampling process
with specific data sources and considerations such as :
a.
Sampling should be based on specific traits or characteristics that
symbolize the subject matter of the population.
b.
The subjects taken are the subjects that contain the most traits from the
population.
c.
Determination of characteristics is carried out carefully in preliminary
studies
In the
sampling process in this study, the authors used three data collection
techniques: Interview, Observation, and Documentation. For data collection
techniques using the interview method, researchers interviewed a total of 6 people.
Two subjects as administrators of the Ranca Upas Bandung tourist area, two as
local LMDH administrators, and two subjects as visiting tourists. The need for six
speakers is to avoid data saturation (Saturated Level).
The data
collection procedure in this study is to collect primary data such as field
observations, documentation studies and interviews (Rukajat,
2018). Then collect, secondary data from several
sources, namely articles, internet sites, newspapers, magazines, and books.
Data analysis
techniques use descriptive analysis that aims to describe and explain the
potential of tourist attractions through the results obtained in the study.
Data analysis techniques are a way to analyze the data obtained to test the
formulation of the problem (Mulyadi,
2012). Researchers should ascertain the analysis
patterns used depending on the type of data collected. In
qualitative research, analysis is more emphasized on efforts to reveal things
related to processes, not products, because processes are essential. In
general, researchers do not take too many samples because they are sufficient
to be studied in depth related to the process itself (Rukin, 2019).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
1. Potential of Ranca Upas Bandung
Ranca Upas Bandung tourist attraction has excellent
and exciting potential to be further developed. Especially on the way to Ranca Upas Bandung
can be reached via the Cipularang-Pasir Koja-Soreang toll road, which can be
reached from Jakarta in 3 hours. The view from the sorting toll exit to the Ranca
Upas tourist attraction is quite beautiful, with ravines and views of the city
and a winding road. The rugged road conditions and good road texture are an
advantage and comfort for visitors who want to visit the Ranca Upas tourist
attraction. The natural atmosphere and temperature around the incredible Ranca
Upas tourist attraction also make visitors comfortable to be in the area, and
there are also several exciting attractions that visitors can try, namely
visiting deer breeding, camping, and other outbound rides that make visitors
not bored if they want to linger in the area. There are
still many potentials that must be developed, such as rides/attractions that
are not in demand by visitors and must be made a way so that visitors can spend their money in the Ranca Upas area
of Bandung.
Ranca Upas is a protected forest with a
variety of flora and fauna, so it is highly recommended to preserve its nature
because this tourism includes ecotourism tourism (Mutmainah et al., 2022), Ranca Upas also has an average temperature of 17-20
degrees and has an area of 513.38 hectares.
2. History of Upas Bandung
Ranca Upas is taken from the Sundanese language, namely Ranca and Upas.
Ranca, which means swamp and Upas is a Dutch perhutani employee with a height
of 198 cm, a stocky body and pure white skin. Upas died while carrying out his
duties to explore swampy areas (ranca). It is said that the body of Upas has
not been found until now, but people believe that the spirit of Upas still
exists in the human realm. From 1960-1980, many people still encountered Upas
while looking for firewood in the forest. Upas, who always wears a cowboy hat,
wears a brown Perhutani shirt, which has become legendary in the area.
A monument of struggle is
located in the Ranca Upas area, namely the monument of the People's
Struggle A 3 W Red Stealth, which was moved from its original place, namely at
the corner of Punceling, Barutunggul, in 2020. The monument is a memorial to
the battle between the Indonesian side and the Red Stealth troops with the
Dutch in 1947 to defend the independence of the Republic of Indonesia. The
Barutunggul area, which is a forest area, was once one of the defensive
concentrations of the Red Stealth Battalion TNI troops. The monument was moved
on the idea of the Head of BAIS (Strategic Intelligence Agency), namely Kisenda
Wiranatakusumah, the son of Achmad Wiranatakusumah Commander Yon 26 / Red
Stealth.
3. 4 A (Attractions, Accessibility, Amenities,
Ancilliary)
1)
Attractions
The main attractions in Ranca Upas are
camping and deer. But, there are many other
attractions that visitors do not know about because of the lack of media
promotion, so they will only know if they are directly on the spot. The
attractions are archery, ATV, riding horses, hiking, healing forests, and many
others.
2)
Accessibility
The location of Ranca Upas is at an altitude
of 1700 masl, which is in the Patuha mountain area and is in the Ciwidey
tourist area, which has easy access, which is 30-45 minutes from the soreang
toll exit and has perfect and steep road conditions, road access can be passed
by two cars passing by.
3)
Amenity
The location of Ranca Upas is very strategic
because it is close to Kawah Putih and Patuha Resort, so there are many
lodgings outside the Ranca Upas area. But suppose you want to stay in the Ranca
Upas area. In that case, several types of lodging are available such as
Bobocabin, Iglo camp, Camping grounds, and Camper vans, with different prices
and quality.
4)
4) Ancilliary
At the Ranca Upas location, there are
Ancilliary or supporting facilities such as toilets in each camping ground, a
health unit building, and cafes or community stalls in one area so that it is neat.
However, there is no ATM Centre if you do not bring money.
4. The Potential of Ranca Upas that Must Be
Developed
The potential of a tourist attraction is a variety of resources owned by a place.
It can be developed into an attractive tourist attraction to attract tourists to visit and spend their money in
one place (Astuti &
Noor, 2016). Potential development must be designed and
arranged following the potential capacity possessed by the destination, which
can later support its development (Suleman et
al., 2020).
Appendix 1
Figure. 1 Destination Products
Source: KBM Ecotourism West Java Banten
The difference between independent schemes, commercial partners and
community empowerment partners is the independent scheme, which is a
destination product owned by Perhutani whose income is 100% for Perhutani, the
commercial partner scheme, which is a scheme intended for commercial company
companies that want to cooperate in Ranca Upas and whose income is shared with
Perhutani, for example, Bobocabin. And the community empowerment partner scheme
is intended for local communities or LMDH to develop
their business as a result of income and revenue sharing with Perhutani, which
is only 10% for Perhutani and 90% for community empowerment partners. This also
aims to ensure that Perhutani receives order and security assistance from the
local community.
Table 3. The Great Potential of Ranca Upas
Bandung
|
Sub Variables
|
Indicators
|
Source Name
|
|
Argo
|
Riki
|
Pani
|
Judge
|
Rizky
|
Bella
|
|
Attractions
|
1. Natural scenery/panorama
2. Tourist attractions
3. Animal conservation
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Facilities
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2. Restaurants
3. Internet access
4. Toilet
5. Swimming pool
6. Onsen
7. Souvenir shop
8. Health facilities
9. Cleaning facilities
10. Security
11. Means of worship
12. Information center
13. Camp site
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Accessibility
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(Source: Research Data, 2022)
5.
Obstacles
faced by Ranca Upas
Ranca Upas, as a tourist attraction,
certainly has problems
and obstacles. According to the sources obtained, the obstacles faced by Ranca
Upas are mutually sustainable, causing consumer spending to decrease along with
the obstacles in Ranca Upas.
Table 4.
Employee Data Ranca Upas KBM Ecotourism West Java-Banten 2022
|
Name
|
Position
|
|
Argo Wibowo
|
Site Manager Ranca Upas
|
|
Riki Setiadi
|
Supervisor Ranca Upas
|
|
Ade Mukti
|
Foreman Wana Wisata
|
|
Tatang Lukman H
|
Foreman Wana Wisata
|
|
Jaka Ismawijaya
|
Foreman Wana Wisata
|
|
Cecep D Sukmana
|
Foreman Wana Wisata
|
Source: Perhutani HR Data Head Office, Jakarta, 2022
Appendix 2
Figure 2. Ranca Upas Destination
Revenue Data 2018
Source: Central Perhutani Data
Appendix 3
Image 3. Ranca Upas Destination Revenue Data 2019
Source: Central Perhutani Data
Appendix 4
Figure4. Ranca Upas Destination
Revenue Data 2020
Source: Central Perhutani Data
Appendix 5
Figure 5. Ranca Upas Destination
Revenue Data 2021
Source: Central Perhutani Data
It can be
seen from some of the tables above that there are still many attractions that
have not been maximized to get income because there is no variety of attractive
packages or promos that Ranca Upas provides to tourists; besides that, it is unfortunate
to see the many tourist attractions in Ranca Upas, but only a few attractions
can generate income in Ranca Upas. According to Mr. Argo, that is why the
average consumer spending of Ranca Upas is minimal, due to a lack of ideas or
difficulty in developing potential because it only has six employees of KBM
Perhutani West Java-Banten who are placed in Ranca Upas. In addition, the
branding of destinations or attractions in the media is also unsatisfactory, so
visitors only come to camp and feed deer. Even though Ranca Upas still has
other destinations or attractions.
6. Efforts to Increase Consumer Spending in
Ranca Upas
Ranca Upas, as one of Perhutani's leading
tourist destinations, needs to make various efforts to promote attractions in
its area to attract tourists to visit Ranca Upas. Tourists who visit Ranca Upas are primarily with family, friends, and couples to stay (Muntasib et
al., 2019). But Ranca Upas is only effective at
generating income in the morning to evening. The absence of attractions at
night makes income and consumer spending not so optimal; that is what Ranca
Upas should be able to use to increase income so that consumer spending increases to create a maintained nature. In addition, the development of information
technology is also accelerating; everyone can quickly get information through
social media. Ranca Upas also has social media such as Instagram and Perhutani
Website and collaborates with Roote Trails (Guide Online) to make tourists
interested in tourism digitalization. The need to make several tour package
designs so that visitors can choose the tour packages needed.
CONCLUSION
With some
data obtained by researchers, Ranca Upas still needs development so that
consumer spending will increase, and there are several suggestions for Ranca
Upas for further development: Maintain the beauty of nature, maintain
cleanliness and comfort in Ranca Upas Bandung. They are improving inadequate facilities
and rethinking to find solutions for onsen so that visitors are interested in
buying onsen entrance tickets. More actively promote Ranca Upas on social
media, and collaborate with influencers so that more people are curious and
visit Ranca Upas. Make attractive attraction package packages for families,
couples, and adventures by combining attractions with many visitors with quiet
visitors so that visitors can spend their money in the Ranca Upas area of
Bandung. Make promo brochures, and make brochures for ride package packages and
then distribute them through social media or add them to the price list on the
website. They are making tour packages in the Ciwidey area, mainly owned by
Perhutani, such as Kawah Putih, staying overnight at Patuha Resort and visiting
Ranca Upas. Then cooperate with KAI Wisata to promote the package. They were making
night rides so that tourists could spend their money at night, such as making a
large screen at one of the campsites to watch together by wearing a headset to
avoid disturbing those resting. The headset will be rented out to tourists.
Indicators that have not been fulfilled or increased again must be fulfilled or
increased again so that the Ranca Upas tourist attraction becomes a quality
tourist object, giving a positive impression and good memories for tourists.
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