RELATIONSHIP LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE AND COMMUNITY ATTITUDE TO SELECTION OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINE TO PREVENT COVID-19 IN

CENTRAL JAKARTA

Eka Nur Cahyanti , Zuraida Sagala

17 August 1945 University, Jakarta, Indonesia

ARTICLE INFO		ABSTRACT
Received:	02-04-2022	This study aims to determine the level of knowledge and attitudes of the community and the relationship between knowledge and attitudes in efforts to prevent COVID-19 using herbal immunomodulators in the community. This type of research is descriptive using a cross sectional design with the research instrument used is an online google form questionnaire which is distributed through the Whatsapp application. The level of public knowledge regarding the selection of traditional medicines in the prevention of Covid-19 using Herbal Immunomodulators in the Central Jakarta area was 96.3% of respondents rated Good, 2.8% of respondents included in the predicate of sufficient knowledge and 0.9% of respondents who entered the poor category. The level of good attitude is as much as 88%, 8.3% of respondents are included in the predicate enough and 3.7% are included in the less category. The level of good behavior is 87%, 10.2% is included in the predicate enough and 2.8% is included in the less category. Based on statistical tests through the chi square test, the results showed that there was a relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes towards COVID-19 prevention behavior using herbal immunomodulators in the Central Jakarta Region with a p-value of 0.000. The correlation between knowledge, attitudes, and behavior is found that a person's knowledge is influenced by experience and the environment which is then believed to lead to motivation. A person's behavior will last a long time if it is based on knowledge. Good public knowledge can affect a person's attitude, especially in the prevention of COVID-19.
Accepted:	05-04-2022
Published:	20-04-2022
Keywords:	COVID-19; Knowledge; Attitude; Immunomodulator Herbs.

Corresponding Author : Eka Nur Cahyanti , Zuraida Sagala

E-mail: [email protected]

INTRODUCTION

World Health Organization has announced Covid-19 as a pandemic , so emphasis on the virus disturbing in Indonesia, the first case of Covid-19 was found March 2 , 2020. Known that various plant traditional in Indonesia can give healing on disease caused by Covid . It is very related with what have submitted by the World Health Organization on the Medicine site conventional could cure Covid-19 symptoms , however not yet there is research that can prove that treatment traditional could give prevention or cure the virus caused by Covid-19 (Bella, 2022).

Utilization from drug traditional alone could in the form of ingredients or mix that doesn't purified consisting of from plants , substances life , minerals, or mixture partial material _ big utilized with objective as healing . Purpose and reasons plant traditional used with effect more secondary _ low than drugs moment this (Widowati, 2016). Is known that a number of plant own effect immunostimulator that plays a role in prevention of Covid-19 (Abbas, Lichtman, & Pillai, 2014). Substances that can modulate system immunity body called immunomodulator. Immunomodalator is a compound consisting of from immunostimulants and immunosuppressants (Siregar, 2015). Immunostimulator is agent who can working for react with system immunity body and also for Upgrade system immunity body (Rozana, 2018). Immunomodulator is interacting compounds _ with system immunity for Upgrade or push aspect Specific from response immunity (Meisyayati, Apriyanto, & Rikmasari, 2016).

According to (Rafidah Mat Ruzki, 2020) at two group older age old found own risk more deathsï¿½ tall if they infected with COVID-19 outbreak . Group age risky tall are 55 to 59 and 60 to 64 years . seniors risky tall experience complications and death consequence COVID-19 infection due to age and disease comorbid such as diabetes, hypertension, kidney, heart and many more again . along with increase age, system immunity body they are also getting weak if infected by the coronavirus. because of that , parents need supplement like herbs for Upgrade system immunity body for protection . Study this aim for know level knowledge and attitude community and relationships Among knowledge and attitude in effort prevention of COVID-19 using Herbal Immunomodulators among society .

That thing Becomes base background behind reserch this made , that by statistics prove is correct there is connection significant Among level knowledge with behavior prevention of COVID-19 using herbal immunomodulators in the Central Jakarta Region. This thing supported by research previously conducted by (Rusida, Ramadhani, & Akbar, 2021). They find that there is connection Among knowledge to behavior use supplements and herbal remedies in prevent transmission of COVID-19 in South Banjarbaru. Indonesia has lots of potential will ingredients nature that can developed Becomes plant drug as complement in therapy conventional COVID-19. This thing supported by research in China on usage combination of TCM with therapy conventional use drug traditional in the COVID-19 treatment protocol (Ling, 2020). According to (Diaz, 2019) mentions that knowledge somebody influenced by past experiences and environments believed could cause motivation . Behavior somebody will last long when based on knowledge. This research is a follow-up to the research conducted (Juditha, 2020) Which reveals most respondents are doubtful and are in a position that can sometimes distinguish hoaxes sometimes not because of the amount of information obtained every day. Public panic about Covid-19 caused hoaxes to continue to be spread in the hope that the information could be useful in preventing and treating. Meanwhile, most of the respondents did not spread Covid-19 hoaxes because they considered the information to be incorrect, useless, and endangered the health of others, and wanted to break the chain of spreading hoaxes to themselves alone.

METHODS

Election sample done based on a number of taken criteria with based on criteria inclusion and criteria exclusion (Waktu, 2018). Criteria inclusions used of them circles communities in the Central Jakarta area with 18-50 years old , ready for Becomes respondents and have a connected cellphone with application whatsapp . Whereas for criteria exclusion that is no circles communities in the Central Jakarta area , have under 18 years old and not fill in questionnaire until finished . Then the data will be explored with use questionnaire with google form survey circulated through application Whatsapp. Metode yang dihunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif (Sugiyono, 2017a).

In study this done more formerly data processing with stages of editing, coding, entry, cleaning and saving, so that will obtained data that has been felt safe then saved and done analysis . Data and information analysis use help device soft with use a number of analysis , including univariate analysis, bivariate analysis , and done calculated validity and reliabilityï¿½ with Chi square test for see connection level knowledge and attitude public to election drug traditional in Covid-19 prevention in Central Jakarta.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

1. Distribution Respondent According to Type Sex

Respondent in study this totaling 108 people divided into the two type sex that is Men and Women. Following table distribution respondent based on Type gender .

Table 1. Frequency Respondent According to Type gender

Gender	Frequency (n)	Percentage (%)
Man	34	31.5
Woman	74	68.5
Total	108	100.0

Based on Table 1, can is known that respondent in study this more many manifold female gender with a total of 74 people with percentage 68.5%, due to the type of sex woman more many accept questionnaire / questionnaire compared to other types sex men . Whereas Man as many as 34 people with percentage of 31.5%.

2. Distribution Respondent According to Age

Respondent in study this categorized as into the three category age i.e. 18-29 years , 30-50 years , and more than 50 years . Following table distribution respondent based on age .

Table 2. Frequency Respondent According to Age

Age	Frequency (n)	Percentage (%)
18 years - 29 years	96	88.9
30 years - 50 years	12	11.1
>50 years	0	0
Total	108	100.0

Based on Table 2, can is known that respondent in study this dominated by respondents with 18-29 years old with a total of 96 people with the percentage of 88.9%, because at the age of 18-29 years is age productive so that could know attitude prevention of COVID-19 using herbal immunomodulators. Respondent with 30-50 years old as many as 12 people, while no there is respondent with age more than 50 years . This thing because at the age of 50 years or more respondent many do n't have social media as whatsapp for fill in questionnaire via google forms.

3. Distribution Respondent By Working Status

Respondent in study this totaling 108 people divided into the two working status category that is Working and Not Work.Next table distribution respondent based on Working Status .

Table 3. Frequency Respondent By Working Status

Working Status	Frequency (n)	Percentage (%)
Working	64	59.3
Doesn't work	44	40.7
Total	108	100.0

Based on Table 3, can is known that respondent in study this is the status of the respondent the most that is status work with total 64 people, and no working 44 people with percentage 40.7% from 100%. This thing because respondent with category work more productive so that more easy for know attitude prevention of COVID-19 using herbal immunomodulators.

4. Distribution Respondent According to Last Education

Respondent in study this totaling 108 people divided into five categories education final namely D3, D4/S1, S2, S3, and SMA/SMK. Following table distribution respondent based on Last Education .

Table 4 Frequency Respondent According to Last Education

Last education	Frequency (n)	Percentage (%)
D3	6	5.6
D4/S1	35	32.4
S2	1	.9
S3	1	.9
SMA/SMK	65	60.2
Total	108	100.0

Based on Table 4, can is known that respondent in study this dominated by respondents with education the last high school / vocational school , namely with total 65 people with percentage of 60.2% of 100% of the total respondents . That thing because in category more high school/vocational education many accept questionnaire / questionnaire compared category other education , apart from it's in the neighborhood around I many are categorized own high school/ vocational education or currently go through education and have not graduated.

Study this is also done for know connection level knowledge and attitude public to election drug traditional in prevention of covid-19 in jakarta center . Based on study is known that level knowledge public about choice drug traditional in Covid -19 response involving Herbal immunomodulators in the Central Jakarta area are 96.3% of respondents categorized good , 2.8% of respondents with predicate enough knowledge and 0.9% of respondents who entered to category less . This thing based from results the completed questionnaire processed the data to SPSS 16 for windows with evaluation Well given value 1, Enough given value 2, Less given value 3, Very Less given value 4. So that the data obtained that the most that is belong to in predicate good knowledge in prevention of COVID-19 using herbal immunomodulators in Central Jakarta. Ratings earned from knowledge respondent done with scoring according to (Nursalam, 2020) categorized as following :

a. OK : worth 1

b. Enough : worth 2

c. Not enough : worth 3

d. Very Less: worth 4

Figure 5 Frequency Diagram Respondent According to Knowledge Level

Category good attitude is 88%, 8.3% of respondents with category enough and 3.7% with predicate less . This thing based from results the completed questionnaire processed the data to SPSS 16 for windows with Rating Strongly Agree given score 1, Agree given value 2, No Agree given value 3, Strongly No Agree given value 4. So that the data obtained that the most that is belong to in predicate good attitude in prevention of COVID-19 using herbal immunomodulators in Central Jakarta. Ratings earned from attitude respondent done with scoring according to the Likert Scale. With a Likert Scale, then variable to be be measured spelled out Becomes indicator variables (Sugiyono, 2017b) categorized as following :

a. Strongly Agree (SS ): worth 1

b. Agree (S ): worth 2

c. No Agree (TS ): worth 3

d. Very N no Agree (STS ): worth 4

Figure 6 Frequency Diagram Respondent According to Attitude Level

Level behavior that can accepted was 87%, 10.2% had predicate enough and 2.8% entered in category less . This thing based from results the completed questionnaire processed the data to SPSS 16 for windows with Rating Very Often given value 1, Often given value 2, Rare given value 3, No Once given value 4. So that the data obtained that the most that is belong to in predicate good behavior in prevention of COVID-19 using herbal immunomodulators in Central Jakarta. Ratings earned from behavior respondent done with scoring according ï¿½(Azwar, 2006) categorized as following :

a. Very Often (SS ): worth 1

b. Often (S ): worth 2

c. Rarely (J ): worth 3

d. No Ever (TP ): worth 4

Figure 7 Frequency Diagram Respondent By Level Behavior

Following is table Connection Among Knowledge people in the Central Jakarta Region against behavior in prevention of COVID-19 using herbal immunomodulators.

Table 5. Relationship knowledge with Behavior

Knowledge	Behavior						Total		P
	Well		Enough		Not enough		Total
	n	%	n	%	N	%	n	%
Well	93	89.4%	10	9.6%	1	1.0%	104	100%	0.000
Enough	1	33.3%	0	0.0%	2	66.7%	3	100%
Not enough	0	0.0%	1	100%	0	0.0%	1	100%
Total	94	87%	11	10.2%	3	2.8%	108	100%

Based on table 4 is obtained that respondent with good knowledge and behavior _ in effort prevention of COVID-19 using herbal immunomodulators , namely: as many as 93 people (89.4%), then knowledge enough with behavior good as much as 1 person, knowledge good with behavior enough as many as 10 people, knowledge good with behavior not enough i.e. 1 person, and knowledge enough with behavior not enough ie 2 people. This thing based from results the completed questionnaire processed the data to SPSS 16 for windows with evaluation Good /Very Often given value 1 with percentage 75-100%, Quite / Often given value 2 with percentage 55-74%, Less/ Rarely given value 3 with percentage 25-54%, Very Less/ No Once given value 4 with percentage not enough than 25%. So that the data obtained that the most that is belong to in predicate good knowledge _ with good behavior too _ _ prevention of COVID-19 using herbal immunomodulators in Central Jakarta. So that there is connection Among knowledge and behavior in prevention of COVID-19 using herbal immunomodulators. Based on results study score the answer obtained, according to (Ria, Refra, Sitanggang, & Hutasoit, 2020) ï¿½relationship knowledge and attitude could categorized as as following :

a. Good /Very Often if category 75-100% given code 1

b. Enough / Often if category 55-74% given code 2

c. Less/ Rarely if category 25-54% given code 3

d. Very Less/ No Once if categories under 25 % are given code 4

Based on Chi Square test with use SPSS application (Ghozali, 2018), obtained p value of 0.000 which is below 0.05 (5%). This thing show that there is significant relationship _ Among level knowledge and behavior in COVID-19 prevention with use herbal immunomodulators in Central Jakarta. Following is table Connection Among attitude people in the Central Jakarta Region against behavior in prevention of COVID-19 using herbal immunomodulators.

This is in line with research ï¿½(Romziyah, Adi Pramana, & Dyahariesti, 2020) with the title relationship of the level of knowledge and attitude of the community in efforts to prevent Covid-19 using herbal immunomodulators in Kenteng Village, Susukan District, Semarang Regency obtained the result that the level of knowledge of the people of Kenteng Village is relatively good with a percentage of 69% and less good at 31%. The attitude of the people of Kenteng Village is positive with a percentage of 65% and negative by 35%. Based on the results of statistical tests using Chi Square, there was no relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes of the community in efforts to prevent COVID-19 using Herbal Immunomodulators in Kenteng Village, Subdistrict.

Table 6. Relationship Attitude with Behavior

Attitude	Behavior						Total		P
	Well		Enough		Not enough		Total
	N	%	n	%	n	%	N	%
Well	89	93.7%	6	6.3%	0	0.0%	95	100%	0.000
Enough	5	55.6%	2	22.2%	2	22.2%	9	100%
Not enough	0	0.0%	3	75%	1	25%	4	100%
Total	94	87%	11	10.2%	3	2.8%	108	100%

Based on table 2 is obtained that respondent with good attitude and behavior in effort prevention of COVID-19 using herbal immunomodulators, namely: as many as 89 people (93.7%). There are 6 respondents who have attitude good with behavior sufficient prevention , 5 people have attitude enough with behavior prevention good , 2 respondents have attitude enough with treat enough prevention too, 2 respondents have attitude enough with less behavior , 3 people have attitude not enough with behavior prevention enough and 1 respondent have attitude not enough with less behavior. This thing based from results the completed questionnaire processed the data to SPSS 16 for windows with Rating Strongly Agree / Very Often given value 1 with percentage 75-100%, Agree/Often given value 2 with percentage 55-74%, No Agree / Rarely given value 3 with percentage 25-54%, Very No Agree / No Once given value 4 with percentage not enough than 25%. So that the data obtained that the most that is belong to in predicate good attitude _ with good behavior tooï¿½ prevention of COVID-19 using herbal immunomodulators in Central Jakarta. So that there is connection Among attitude and behavior in prevention of COVID-19 using herbal immunomodulators. Based on results study score the answer obtained , according to (Arikunto, 2016) relationship attitude and behavior could categorized as as following :

a. Strongly Agree /Very Often if category 75-100% given code 1

b. Agree / Often if category 55-74% given code 2

c. No Agree / Rarely if category 25-54% given code 3

d. Very No Agree / No Once if categories under 25 % are given code Based on Chi Square led test results with use SPSS application obtained

The P value of 0.000 which is below 0.05 (5%). This thing show that there is significant relationship Among attitude and behavior in COVID-19 prevention with use herbal immunomodulators in the Central Jakarta area .

CONCLUSION

There is significant relationship _ Among knowledge and attitude as well as behavior COVID-19 prevention with utilize herbal immunomodulators in prevention of COVID-19 in the Central Jakarta Region .

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