Corresponding Author: Shinta
Wahyu Hati
E-mail: [email protected]
INTRODUCTION
The economy's progress in a
country, especially from the SME sector in the field of entrepreneurship, is
now not only played by men, but women have also taken a role in increasing
economic development growth in a country (Abdullah, 2020). The role of women in
development and economic activity must be addressed. Especially in certain
sectors that need patience, tenacity, diligence, and thoroughness, which are
more owned by women. However, it cannot be denied that women's involvement in economic
activities still experiences gender discrimination. This is because social
attitudes and traditions are the main obstacles to the growth and progress of
women entrepreneurs (Manembu,
2017). From a sociocultural point of
view, society views that women entrepreneurs still have responsibilities for
their families. Thus, women entrepreneurs have to carry a double burden where
at the same time, they have to look after their families and manage their
businesses (Huriani
et al., 2021).
The success of women
entrepreneurs cannot be measured from an economic perspective because many of
the businesses owned by women are small-scale, and their growth is slower. This
is consistent with the statement that although women entrepreneurs continue to
increase, the number of successful women entrepreneurs remains relatively low (Indiworo,
2016). However, according to Fenwick
and Huttons in their research that many women have described success
subjectively, such as the freedom to choose daily activities, the ability to
balance between work and family, contribution to society, reputation, children,
and the quality of life they achieve (Tiwari & Goel, 2017).
One of the Micro, Small, and
Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) whose ownership is dominated by women is in Moro
District, one of 12 sub-districts in Karimun Regency. Many women entrepreneurs
are involved in the small fish cracker industry in that area.
The role of a wife and a mother
still makes them choose to open a fish cracker processing business by utilizing
the potential of natural resources and high work tenacity. The role of women
entrepreneurs in the fish cracker processing industry creates employment
opportunities. A strong desire to do something positive is a quality built by
women who can contribute values to family and social life (Miftakhuljanah
et al., 2016).
The explanation above motivated
researchers' research by measuring the factors determining women entrepreneurs'
success, especially small and medium enterprises. The research rationale is
that women play a major role in economic growth through entrepreneurial
endeavors through their attempts to make a place for themselves in the
entrepreneurial world.
In social conditions, religion
and social status are important to women's entrepreneurial decisions (Audretsch et
al., 2013). Women have more access to informal networks and the
resources that accompany these networks (Fauziah & Latief,
2021). Women can gain legitimacy in the eyes of customers
because of their marital status and are therefore considered more prepared for
entrepreneurship (Tlaiss, 2015).
Based on the desk, this research aims to analyze and
determine the success factors of female entrepreneurs in Small and Medium
Enterprises (SMEs) of fish crackers in Moro District, Karimun Regency, Riau
Islands.
METHODS
This study
examines the "Factors of success of women
entrepreneurs in Micro, Small and Medium
Enterprises crackers in Moro District, Karimun
Regency, Riau Archipelago" with quantitative research. The research
approach is carried out through several stages, starting by collecting data by
distributing questionnaires to several research samples, determining the
research instruments and methods used, analyzing the data collected, and then
presenting it as a thesis.
The
population in this study were women entrepreneurs who owned a fish cracker
processing business in Moro District, Karimun Regency. The technique of determining the
respondents in this study is non-probability sampling. The sample in this study was 107 women entrepreneurs in Moro District, which will be distributed to 2 sub-districts
and ten villages in Moro District with regional divisions determined according
to Moro District data.
Table 1. Number
of Respondents
|
Village
Name
|
Number
of Samples
|
|
Moros Village
|
23
|
|
East Moro Village
|
26
|
|
Jang Village
|
10
|
|
Paul Village
|
5
|
|
Sugie Village
|
6
|
|
Keban Village
|
7
|
|
Mie Strait Village
|
8
|
|
Tanjung Pelanduk Village
|
4
|
|
Moro Island Village
|
7
|
|
Niur Permai village
|
4
|
|
Rawajaya village
|
4
|
|
Broken Reed Village
|
3
|
|
Total
|
107
|
Source:
Moro District
The types and
data sources used in this study are primary and secondary. Data collection techniques used in this study
were questionnaires and observation. Test this research instrument using
validity and reliability analysis. The analytical method used to analyze the
data obtained is descriptive analysis and inferential statistics. In this
study, researchers used SPSS software which has provided facilities to assist
the calculation process using confirmatory factor analysis.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Characteristics of Respondents
By Age
����� From a total number of
respondents of 107 people, respondents with productive age, namely 31-40 years, were 43 respondents with a percentage
of 40%. This age is a person's productive age. This age is said to be
productive because, at that age, an individual still has fit energy, is free to
move, and is free to express anything because strong physical abilities still
support him.
Graphic 1. Characteristics of Respondents by Age
Based on Residence
����������� From a total
number of respondents of 107 people, the respondents based on the whole were
divided into two sub-districts and ten villages. The largest group of
respondents was in East Moro Village, with 26 respondents with a percentage of 24% then, followed by Moro Village, with 21
respondents with a percentage of 23 respondents. This is because the East Moro
Village and Moro Village are central areas in Moro District; there are more
activities in the East Moro Village area than in other areas.
Graphic 2.
Characteristics of Respondents by Kelurahan/Village
Based on Education Level
����������� Of the total
number of respondents, as many as 107 people, respondents with an elementary education level were 90
respondents, with a percentage of 84%. From
this data, respondents in Moro District have a relatively very low level of
education. Women have always
been discriminated against by old customs, which have always prevented women
from being free; even their access to education has always been restricted.
Graphic 3. Characteristics of Respondents Based on Last Education
Based on
Marital Status
����� Of the total number of
respondents, as many as 107 people, respondents with married status were 85,
with a percentage of 79%. It
can be seen that respondents married at a very young age; this is appropriate if
we look at the relatively low level of education. Because parents think that
women cannot provide for the welfare of their parents and younger siblings even
though they have a high education, they will separate from their parents and
live with their husbands when they marry.
Graphic 4. Characteristics of Respondents Based on Marital Status
Ofd's Occupation
����� Of the 07 respondents, 75 work as fishermen, with a
percentage of 70%. This is because the
driving sector of the economy in Moro District is the fisheries sector. The
results of these fisheries are then distributed to other areas and exported, as
well as used as raw materials for local industries.
Graphic 5.
Characteristics of Respondents Based on Husband's Occupation
Based on the
Number of Children
����� Of the total number of respondents of, 107
people, the number of respondents' children was four, as many as 30 respondents
with a percentage of 28. This is because female entrepreneurs in Moro
District married at a young age.
Graphic 6.
Characteristics of Respondents Based on the Number of Children
Based on
Business Status
Of the total number of respondents, as many as 107 people, the
business status of respondents is a business from scratch as many as 85 respondents with a percentage of
79%. This is due to economic and
family factors that make women in Moro District become entrepreneurs from the
start to help their husbands make ends meet.
Graphic 7. Characteristics of Respondents Based on Business Status
Of the total number of respondents, as many as 107
people, the first capital used by respondents in running their business was
using personal savings as many as 79 respondents
with a percentage of 74%. This is because
women entrepreneurs find obtaining
credit through official bodies difficult. After all, the requirements that
women consider often need to be simplified and easier to fulfill.
Graphic 8. Characteristics
of Respondents Based on First Capital in Running a Business
Based on Distributing Products
����������� Out of a total
number of 107 respondents, 39 respondents
marketed their products in Moro District with a percentage of 37%. This is due to the distribution of fish
cracker products directly to retailers. These fish crackers' marketing area
includes shops at the port, minimarkets, and supermarkets, which are used as
typical souvenirs in Moro District.
Graphic
9. Characteristics of Respondents Based on Product Distribution
Based on Business Income/month
����� Of
the total number of respondents of, 107 people, the income earned by
respondents was IDR 4,000,000 - < IDR 5,000,0000 for 33 people with a
percentage of 30%. This is because fish crackers are produced stably, so the
income or profit earned increases.
Graphic 10. Characteristics of Respondents Based on Business
Income/Month
Based on the
profit used
Of the total number of
respondents, as many as 107 people, the advantage obtained by respondents was
to meet the needs of 57 families with a percentage of 53%. This is because most of the female entrepreneurs in
Moro Subdistrict open businesses to help their husbands meet their family's
needs.
Graphic 11. Characteristics of Respondents Based on Benefits Used
Based on
Business Permit (SPP-IRT)
Out of the total number of respondents, as many as 107 people,
respondents who have a business license as many as 98 with a percentage of 92%.
This is because, with a business
license (SPP-IRT), entrepreneurs can calmly distribute and process production
widely in an official manner.
Graphic 12.
Characteristics of Respondents Based on Business Licenses
Based on Joining the Fish Cracker Entrepreneurs Association
Sixty-three respondents joined the fish cracker entrepreneur association, with
a percentage of 59%. This is because joining
this association can benefit women entrepreneurs in Moro District.
Graphic 13. Characteristics of
Respondents Based on
the Fish Cracker Entrepreneurs
Association
Based on
Simple Bookkeeping
Sixty-seven respondents kept simple bookkeeping records, with a percentage of
63%. This is because most
entrepreneurs only focus on developing products and marketing activities. Almost all
women entrepreneurs in the Moro sub-district only sometimes focus on managing
their finances.
Graphic 14.
Characteristics of Respondents Based on Simple Bookkeeping
Based
on Respondents Working together with other Fish Cracker Entrepreneurs
Of the total number of respondents, as many as 107 people,
respondents who collaborated with other fish cracker entrepreneurs were 67,
with a percentage of 63%. Cooperation
among entrepreneurs is an important thing to do in order to support business
activities and strengthen friendly relations.
Graphic 15. Characteristics of
Respondents Based on Collaboration
with Other Fish Cracker
Entrepreneurs
Based on
Obtaining Fish Raw Materials
Of the total number of respondents, as many as 107 people,
respondents obtain raw materials by buying from suppliers as many as 72 with a
percentage of 67%. Several
entrepreneurs conveyed this because having a steady supply of goods is
safer because it will minimize the occurrence of vacancies in the stock of
goods in the storage warehouse. Besides that, having a supplier will
still be more efficient regarding raw materials.
Graphic 16. Characteristics of Respondents Based on Obtaining Fish
Raw Materials
Based on How
to Store Fish Stock
Of the total number of respondents, as many as 107 people, in
storing fish stock, 81 respondents chose to use freezer boxes, with a
percentage of 76%. This is because storing fish in the freezer box keeps it
fresh and durable. Usually, when making fish crackers, it is often stored in
the freezer box for a long time (2-3) days.
Graphic 17. Characteristics of Respondents Based on How to Store
Fish Stock
Results of
Confirmator Factor Analysis
Validity testing is carried out using factor analysis which refers
to the results of the Keiser-Meyer Olkin (KMO) Measure of Sampling Adequacy
calculations. Testing is carried out in several stages until all statement
items are found to be invalid conditions or have a KMO value of more than 0.5.
The following presents the output of SPSS version 20.0 on validity testing
using KMO and Barlett's Test values.
Table 2. KMO
and Bartlett�s Test
|
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Smapling Adequacy
|
.768
|
|
Bartlett�s Test of Sphericity
|
Approx. Chi Square
|
2670.685
|
|
Df
|
378
|
|
Sig.
|
.000
|
Based on the table above, it can be seen that the KMO and Bartlett
Test numbers are 0.786 (>0.5) with a significance level of 0.000. This means
the sample is adequate for further analysis, or these factors can explain 76.8%
of the variance. Therefore, the existing variables and samples can be analyzed
further.
The next analysis examines the determination of Sampling Adequacy
(MSA). This aims to t whether the sampling process is adequate, as seen from
the Anti-Image Correlation (... a ). MSA value
in the validity test stage 1 can be seen in the following table:
Table
3. Value of Measure of Sampling Adequacy (MSA)
|
Variable
|
Indicator
|
The
measure of Sampling Adequacy (MSA)
|
|
Education
(X1)
|
X1.1
|
I _ got
business skills from my parents
|
0.728
|
|
X1.2
|
I obtained entrepreneurship
knowledge from formal education (School)
|
0.695
|
|
X1.3
|
I get business skills from
attending training/courses.
|
0.735
|
|
X1.4
|
I got business skills from
working part-time
|
0.775
|
|
Nature
Quality (X2)
|
X2.1
|
Want to use your abilities and
skills better
|
0.635
|
|
X2.2
|
More willing to lead than to be led
|
0.650
|
|
X2.3
|
You can control your own working time
|
0.770
|
|
X2.4
|
Work and live in the same location.
|
0.674
|
|
Personality
(X3)
|
X3.1
|
Providing a source of income for
families and communities
|
0.765
|
|
X3.2
|
Want to improve social status?
|
0.884
|
|
X3.3
|
Want to improve the welfare of
life
|
0.870
|
|
Confidence
(X4)
|
X4.1
|
I can manage a business
|
0.671
|
|
X4.2
|
I can lead other people / human
resources.
|
0.546
|
|
X4.3
|
I have unlimited working power
|
0.624
|
|
Family
Support (X5)
|
X5.1
|
My family assists in the form of
energy assistance
|
0.822
|
|
X5.2
|
My family supports being an
entrepreneur.
|
0.841
|
|
X5.3
|
husband and children play a role in running the business
|
0.824
|
|
Social
Environment (X6)
|
X6.1
|
In the
neighborhood where I live, many work as cracker entrepreneurs
|
0.721
|
|
X6.2
|
I get support from the
community.
|
0.942
|
|
X6.3
|
There is no difficulty in interacting in my environment
|
0.894
|
|
Gender
Discrimination (X7)
|
X7.1
|
I am the backbone of the family
|
0.658
|
|
X7.2
|
I opened a business because it was difficult to get a job.
|
0.690
|
|
Technology
(X8)
|
X8.1
|
Using technology makes it easier for me to run a business
|
0.690
|
|
X8.2
|
Information technology can expand my
business network.
|
0.685
|
|
X8.3
|
The use of technology reduces costs in running a business
|
0.851
|
|
Government
Support (X9)
|
X9.1
|
I received capital assistance from the
government
|
0.680
|
|
X9.2
|
I get facility assistance from the
government
|
0.723
|
|
X9.3
|
The government provides empowerment through training to improve my performance
|
0.729
|
In
Table 3 above, it can be seen that the Measure of Sampling Adequacy (MSA) value
for all indicators is above 0.5 (MSA >
0.5), meaning that the 28 indicators can be further analyzed.
Indicators
of success for women entrepreneurs in Moro District, Karimun Regency
Based on the instrument test
results, the data obtained is valid and reliable so that further analysis can
be carried out; the following will present confirmatory factor analysis. The
following will present things that need the confirmatory factor analysis.
Communalities
Communalities are the total
variance explained by the extracted factors. In the confirmatory factor
analysis, only the common variance is extracted, so it is not wrong if the
common variance value is less than one. The following shows the output of SPSS
version 20.0 for commonalities.
Table 4.
Communalities
|
|
Initial
|
Extraction
|
|
X1.1
|
1,000
|
.721
|
|
X1.2
|
1,000
|
.663
|
|
X1.3
|
1,000
|
.686
|
|
X1.4
|
1,000
|
.588
|
|
X2.1
|
1,000
|
.830
|
|
X2.2
|
1,000
|
.571
|
|
X2.3
|
1,000
|
.520
|
|
X2.4
|
1,000
|
.836
|
|
X3.1
|
1,000
|
.976
|
|
X3.2
|
1,000
|
.945
|
|
X3.3
|
1,000
|
.932
|
|
X4.1
|
1,000
|
.700
|
|
X4.2
|
1,000
|
.829
|
|
X4.3
|
1,000
|
.724
|
|
X5.1
|
1,000
|
.938
|
|
X5.2
|
1,000
|
.877
|
|
X5.3
|
1,000
|
.941
|
|
X6.1
|
1,000
|
.938
|
|
X6.2
|
1,000
|
.821
|
|
X6.3
|
1,000
|
.836
|
|
X7.1
|
1,000
|
.804
|
|
X7.2
|
1,000
|
.799
|
|
X8.1
|
1,000
|
.849
|
|
X8.2
|
1,000
|
.912
|
|
X8.3
|
1,000
|
.787
|
|
X9.1
|
1,000
|
.633
|
|
X9.2
|
1,000
|
.645
|
|
X9.3
|
1,000
|
.603
|
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis
Based on the table above, it can be
seen as follows:
1. The indicator of getting business
skills from parents (X1.1) is 0.721. This shows that 72.1% of the
variance of the indicator of getting business skills from parents can be
explained by the factors formed
2. The indicator of obtaining
entrepreneurship knowledge from formal education (X1.2) is 0.663.
This indicates that 66.3% of the variance of the indicator of obtaining
entrepreneurship knowledge from formal education can be explained by the
factors formed and so on
Total Variances Explained
In Total Variance Explained, what needs to be considered is an
eigenvalue that is more than 1 (> 1); this is because an eigenvalue that is
less than 1 is not significant. After extracting or reducing the nine factors
used by the previous author, they become eight factors with each variance as
follows:
Scree
Plots
Figure 1. Scree Plot Result of
Eigenvalue Relationship with FactoR
Figure
1. The vertical lines show the eigenvalues, while the horizontal lines show the
number of indicators. If you zoom in, you can see more clearly how many
indicators have an eigenvalue of more than 1. 8 points have an eigenvalue above
1; this means that eight indicators will be formed.
Component Matrix
The
next step in confirmatory factor analysis is to define the component matrix.
The Component matrix explains the distribution of the 28 indicators into the
eight formed factors. Absolute component matrix value because it shows the
correlation
Component Matrix
The
next step in confirmatory factor analysis is to define the component matrix.
The Component matrix explains the distribution of the 28 indicators into the
eight formed factors. Absolute component matrix value because it
shows correlation.
Interpretation of Formed
Factors.
From the research results, the reduced 28 indicators consist of only
eight factors which are reduced and changed in the composition of the success
of women entrepreneurs.
1. Factor 1
Personality consists of Providing a source of income for the family and
community, Wanting to improve social status, Wanting
to improve the welfare of life; and In the environment where I live, many work
as cracker entrepreneurs.
2. Factor 2 Family
support consists of: My family assists in the form of labor assistance, My husband and children play a role in running the business,
My family supports being an entrepreneur, and there are no difficulties in
interacting in my environment.
3. Factor 3
Technology consists of: Technology makes it easier for me to run a business,
Information technology can expand my business network, The
use of technology reduces costs in running a business, and I get support from
the community.
4. Factor 4
Education consists of: i.e., I got business skills from my parents, I got
entrepreneurship knowledge from formal education, I got business skills from
attending training/courses, and I got business skills from part-time jobs.
5. Factor 5
Quality Traits consist of Wanting to use better one's abilities and skills,
being more willing to lead than being led, Can control
the time of one's working hours, and working and living in the same location.
6. Factor 6
Confidence consists of the following: I can manage a business, lead other
people/human resources, and have unlimited work power.
7. Factor 7
Government Support consists of: I receive capital assistance from the
government, facility assistance from the government, and the government provides
empowerment through training to improve my performance.
8. Factor 8 Gender
Discrimination consists of the following: I am the backbone of the family, and
I open a business because it is difficult to get a job.
Formation
of New Factors
Personality
Factor
Personality
factor, which is the main factor in the success of women entrepreneurs, with a
variance of 28.029%. About the research, namely women entrepreneurs in Moro
District, Karimun Regency, women entrepreneurs have a personality in their
success, including providing a source of income for the family and community (X3.1),
wanting to improve social status (X3.2), wanting to improve welfare
(X3.3) and in the environment where I live many work
as cracker entrepreneurs (X6.1). According to Levent et al.,
personality traits such as the desire for freedom and economic motives push
women into entrepreneurial ventures (Tiwari
& Goel, 2017). In research, women want autonomy in
making business decisions, and it is this autonomy that encourages them to
become self-employed entrepreneurs and ultimately gives them a sense of
accomplishment and self-fulfillment (Ramadani,
2015). Personal characteristics
(self-efficacy) greatly influence success (Yuhendri,
2014). Success can
also be achieved because connectivity on digital channels is going well (Kaur & Gera, 2017).
Family Support Factor
The family support factor is also very
important in the success of women entrepreneurs, with a variance of 13.934%.
With the research object, namely, my family assists in the form of labor
assistance (X5.1), my husband and children play a role in running
the business (X5.2), my family supports being an entrepreneur (X5.3),
and there are no difficulties in interacting in my environment (X6.3).
This study's results align with previous
research, which revealed that support in the family can be emotional, providing
useful information, giving awards, and instrumental or financial support (Periera et al., 2017). The support
provided by the family will give a feeling of comfort and that family members
care about one another. Research conducted by previous studies revealed that
family support can determine the level of individual intentions in
entrepreneurship (Periera et al., 2017). Individuals
intending to become entrepreneurs need the family's blessing and support as
strength, courage, and encouragement to carry it out. The results of this study
are also in line with the previous ones that family support factors strongly
encourage more women to run entrepreneurship (Setiani & Indrawijaya, 2019). Women often
start their businesses to supplement their family income. However, in the end,
their businesses become the main source of income for the family. These
businesses most often take place at home. This can be seen that many
entrepreneurial activities are carried out at home with the excuse of being
close to family. This can be explained primarily through women's struggle to
combine family and business responsibilities, which is easier to achieve when
their businesses are closer to home.
Technology Factor
The Technology factor is the third factor in
the success of women entrepreneurs, with a variance of 9.298%. To the research
object, namely, the use of technology makes it easier for me to run a business
(X8.1), information technology can expand my business network (X8.2),
the use of technology reduces costs in running a business (X8.3),
and I get support from the community (X6.2). Women entrepreneurs
already have mobile phones connected to the internet, making it easier for them
to carry out effective marketing, sales, and promotional communications;
besides that, with information technology, the public can find out about their
business activities digitally. According to Mathew, information, communication,
and technology (ICT) can help and support various women's activities in running
their businesses. This is consistent with previous research that the internet,
social media, and information technology facilities expand networks.
Information technology reduces the business costs of Muslim women entrepreneurs
in the South Tangerang region in promoting (Fatimah, 2015). In line with
previous research, information technology has a positive and significant effect
on innovation, meaning that more and more technology is used in a business, it
will increase the innovations carried out and, of course, will improve the
performance of a company (Alfulailah, 2020).
Educational
Factors
The
Education factor is the fourth factor in the success of women entrepreneurs,
with a variance of 8.043%. Concerning the research object, namely, I got
business skills from my parents (X1.1), I got entrepreneurship
knowledge from formal education (X1.2), I got business skills from
attending training/courses (X1.3), and I got business skills from
part-time work (X1.4). Research on entrepreneurship education in
South Africa, shows that high enough parental involvement can affect children's
entrepreneurial skills (Fatoki,
2014). Education is the knowledge possessed
by a person in a particular skill. Education will play an active role if there
is experience and skills that a person has in every activity.
Nature
Quality Factor
The
quality factor is the fifth factor in the success of women entrepreneurs, with
a variance of 5.519%. About the research object, namely wanting to use better
one's abilities and skills (X2.1), being more willing to lead than
being led (X2.2), being able to control one's working hours (X2.3),
and working and live in the same location (X2.4). The study's
results also show that the quality of traits leads to entrepreneurial
personality. Entrepreneurial personality is the dominant variable in
determining entrepreneurial intentions (Setiabudi,
2019). According to reserach the most
important factor for women as homemakers having the responsibility to start
their own business is the belief that entrepreneurship is the only way to make
a sustainable life together by managing their household chores (Tiwari
& Goel, 2017). The abilities one must have in
entrepreneurship are the ability to formulate business goals, the ability to
motivate oneself, the ability to take initiative, the ability to innovate, the
ability to form material, social, and intellectual abilities, the ability to
manage time, mental abilities based on religion, and the ability to get used to
taking lessons from good or painful experiences (Munfaqiroh,
2018).
The
Confidence Factor
The
Confidence factor is the sixth factor in the success of women entrepreneurs,
with a variance of 5.247%. About the research object, namely, I can manage a
business (X4.1), I can lead other people/human resources (X4.2),
and I have unlimited work power (X4.3). According to Lauster,
self-confidence is an attitude or belief in one's abilities so that in his
actions, he is not too anxious, feels free to do things according to his wishes
and is responsible for his actions, is polite in interacting with others, has
an achievement drive and can recognize his strengths and weaknesses. In
previous research, to successfully develop a business, women must have certain
skills, qualities, and self-confidence (Ramadani,
2015).
Government
Support Factor
The
Government Support factor is the seventh factor in the success of women
entrepreneurs, with a variance of 4.378%. To the research object, namely, I
received capital assistance from the government (X9.1), I received
facility assistance from the government (X9.2), and the government
provided empowerment through training to improve my performance (X9.3).
In previous studies of societies where women faced various obstacles, the
government had to provide the necessary encouragement directly or indirectly by
empowering them with policies and programs (Ramadani,
2015). According to previous research,
credit provision accompanied by empowerment programs through training for women
entrepreneurs resulted in increased business knowledge, managerial skills, and
income (Karlan
& Valdivia, 2011). Efficacy, such as self-confidence,
contributes greatly to women's success in entrepreneurship. In line with the
results of previous studies, self-confidence is an internal factor originating
from within the female entrepreneur of MSMEs, significantly affecting a female
entrepreneur's success (Fauziah
& Latief, 2021).
Gender Discrimination Factors
The Gender Discrimination Factor is the
seventh factor in the success of women entrepreneurs, with a variance of
3.785%. About the object of research, namely, I am the backbone of the family
(X7.1), and I open a business because it is difficult to get a job
(X7.2). Previous studies have explained that gender discrimination
and job segregation lead to dissatisfaction, encouraging them to start their
own business (Tiwari
& Goel, 2017). This is in line with Zimmerer and
Acarborough's statement that more and more women realize that becoming
entrepreneurs is the best way to break through male domination, which hinders
career advancement to the organization's top through their own business
(Setiani & Indrawijaya, 2019).
CONCLUSION
In summary, this study highlights that among
the 28 indicators examined, eight key factors significantly contribute to the
success of female entrepreneurs in the Moro District of Karimun Regency. These
factors, including Personality, Family Support, Technology, Education,
Environmental Quality, Beliefs, Government Support, and Gender Discrimination,
collectively influence their achievements. Particularly noteworthy is the
dominant role of Personality, accounting for 28.029% of the variance,
underscoring its crucial influence on entrepreneurial success. The study
underscores that personal attributes like determination, risk-taking,
creativity, leadership, and resilience are pivotal in driving success in Moro
District's business landscape. While Personality stands out, the interplay of
all factors should not be underestimated, forming a complex framework that
fuels the achievements of women entrepreneurs in the region. These insights
provide a valuable guide for policymakers, business organizations, and aspiring
female entrepreneurs, offering a pathway to tailor interventions, programs, and
resources that foster the growth of women-led businesses not only in the Moro
District but also in broader contexts..
REFERENCES
Abdillah, A. M. (2020). Analisis Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Kaum
Perempuan Oleh Rumah Kawan Bunda Medan. Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera
Utara.
ALFULAILAH, F. (2020). Pengaruh Inovasi, Teknologi
Informasi, Dan Orientasi Kewirausahaan Terhadap Kinerja Usaha Studi Empiris
Pada Pemilik Toko Pasar Glodok Periode Maret-Juni 2020. Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta.
Audretsch, D. B., B�nte, W., &
Tamvada, J. P. (2013). Religion, social
class, and entrepreneurial choice. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(6),
774�789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.06.002
Fatimah, C. E. A. (2015). Faktor�Faktor yang Mempengaruhi
Keputusan Wanita Muslim di Wilayah Tangerang Selatan Berwirausaha. Esensi:
Jurnal Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 5(2).
Fatoki, O. (2014). The financial literacy of micro
entrepreneurs in South Africa. Journal of Social Sciences, 40(2),
151�158. https://doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2014.11893311
Fauziah, F., & Latief, A. (2021). Faktor kesuksesan
pengusaha UMKM wanita Muslim pengguna kanal digital. Al-Tijary, 129�140.
https://doi.org/10.21093/at.v6i2.2635
Huriani, Y., Dulwahab, E., & Annibras, N. (2021). Strategi
penguatan ekonomi perempuan berbasis keluarga. Lekkas.
Indiworo, H. E. (2016). Peran perempuan dalam meningkatkan
kinerja UMKM. EQUILIBRIA PENDIDIKAN: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Ekonomi, 1(1),
40�58. https://doi.org/10.26877/ep.v1i1.1806
Karlan, D., & Valdivia, M. (2011). Teaching
entrepreneurship: Impact of business training on microfinance clients and
institutions. Review of Economics and Statistics, 93(2), 510�527.
https://doi.org/10.1162/REST_a_00074
Kaur, H., & Gera, J. (2017). Effect of social media
connectivity on success of crowdfunding campaigns. Procedia Computer Science, 122, 767�774.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.11.435
Manembu, A. E. (2017). Peranan perempuan
dalam pembangunan masyarakat desa (suatu studi di desa Maumbi kecamatan Kalawat
kabupaten Minahasa Utara). Politico: Jurnal Ilmu Politik, 7(1).
Miftakhuljanah, O., Priatna, W. B.,
& Suharno, S. (2016). Peran Wanita pada Industri Kecil Kerupuk Kemplang di
Kabupaten Ogan Ilir. Jurnal Manajemen & Agribisnis, 13(2),
122. https://doi.org/10.17358/jma.13.2.122
Munfaqiroh, S. (2018). Analisis
Keputusan Wanita dalam Berwirausaha (Studi Pada UKM Posdaya Binaan STIE
Malangkucecwara Malang). Jurnal Administrasi Dan Bisnis, 12(1),
32�39. https://doi.org/10.33795/adbis.v12i1.2877
Periera, A., Mashabi, N. A., &
Muhariati, M. (2017). Pengaruh dukungan orangtua terhadap minat anak dalam
berwirausaha (pada siswa SMK Strada Koja, Jakarta Utara). JKKP (Jurnal Kesejahteraan Keluarga Dan Pendidikan), 4(02), 70�76. https://doi.org/10.21009/JKKP.042.04
Ramadani, V. (2015). The woman entrepreneur in Albania: An
exploratory study on motivation, problems and success factors. Journal of
Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 17(2), 204�221. https://doi.org/10.1080/19448953.2014.997488
Setiabudi, K. J. (2019). Pengaruh Dukungan Keluarga
Dankepribadian Wirausaha Terhadapniat Berwirausaha Mahasiswaprogram Studi
Manajemen Terakreditasi �a� Pada Perguruan Tinggi Swasta Di Kota Surabaya. Agora,
7(1).
Setiani, R., & Indrawijaya, S. (2019). Pengaruh Motivasi
Dan Sikap Wirausaha Terhadap Keputusan Berwirausaha Wanita Di Kota Jambi. Jurnal
Manajemen Terapan Dan Keuangan, 8(1), 46�58. https://doi.org/10.22437/jmk.v8i1.6934
Tiwari, N., & Goel, G. (2017). Success factors of women
owned micro and small enterprises in India. International Journal of
Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 31(4), 590�608. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2017.085424
Tlaiss, H. A. (2015). How Islamic business ethics impact
women entrepreneurs: Insights from four Arab Middle Eastern countries. Journal
of Business Ethics, 129, 859�877. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2138-3
Yuhendri, L. (2014). Pengaruh Kebutuhan Akan Prestasi, Lokus
Kendali, Dan Efikasi Diri Terhadap Minat Berwirausaha Mahasiswa Fakultas
Ekonomi Universitas Negeri Padang. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan, 14(1).
https://doi.org/10.17509/jpp.v14i1.3212
