Corresponding Author: Marfin
Lawalata
E-mail: [email protected] ��
INTRODUCTION
In Indonesia,
Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an important role in the
development and economic growth; MSMEs also have a very important role in
overcoming the problem of unemployment (Halim, 2020). The MSMEs sector, especially the informal sector, dominates the
structure of the Indonesian economy. The MSME sector contributes 60 percent to
Indonesia's gross domestic product (GDP). Data from the Ministry of
Cooperatives and MSMEs as of 2018, MSMEs contributed 61.07% of the formation of
the National Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and contributed to the employment of
116.97 million people or 97% of the total workforce of 120.598 million people (Nugroho, 2023).
Maluku is one
of the provinces that makes the MSME sector a mainstay sector in supporting
regional economic growth. MSMEs are the majority of business units in Maluku,
which are very numerous and spread across various economic sectors, ranging
from trade, agriculture, fisheries, industry, and others, so that they are able
to absorb a large number of workers (Nelwan et al., 2023). Data from the Maluku Province Office of Cooperatives and MSMEs,
the number of MSME players in this area reached 38,518.
Coronaviruses
(Corona Virus Disease) are a large family of viruses that cause mild to severe
illnesses, such as the common cold, and serious illnesses, such as MERS and
SARS (Kemenkes, 2020). The virus originated in Wuhan, China, and has spread to various
countries. The outbreak of this virus has had an impact on various sectors,
such as tourism, the economy, trade, and investment (Shang et al., 2021). Based on Bank Indonesia data, in 2016, the MSME sector dominated
business units in Indonesia, and micro businesses absorbed a lot of labor (Hanoatubun, 2020). The outbreak of Covid-19 has made MSMEs (Micro et al.) suffer
and also because tourists who come to a destination will usually buy souvenirs (Sumarni, 2020). If there are fewer tourists visiting, the turnover of MSMEs will
also decrease.������
Souvenirs are
something brought from traveling; souvenirs (Kbbi, 2016). The souvenir sales center is always an alternative choice when
visiting Ambon City because it has its own charm for local or foreign tourists (Pertiwi et al., 2022). Not only tourists but the local people of Ambon City also often
buy souvenir products, namely sago and eucalyptus oil, both for their own needs
and given as gifts to relatives, family, and friends.
The COVID-19
pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges to businesses worldwide, with the
tourism industry being particularly hard-hit. In Ambon City, where tourism
plays a significant role in the local economy, understanding the dynamics of
souvenir demand during this crisis is crucial for the survival and adaptation
of souvenir businesses like UD.N.
Research
Objectives: This study aims to assess the demand for souvenirs in Ambon City
during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a specific focus on UD.N. as a case study.
The objectives include:
- To
understand the factors influencing souvenir demand in the context of a
global pandemic.
- To
explore changes in consumer preferences and behavior regarding souvenirs
during and post-COVID-19.
- To
evaluate the strategies adopted by UD.N. to adapt to the challenges posed
by the pandemic.
The results
of a survey conducted by research on the impact of Covid-19 on business actors
held on July 10-26, 2020 (Statistik, 2020). The survey was participated by 34,558 business actors,
consisting of 6,821 Lower Medium Enterprises (UMB), 25,256 Small Medium
Enterprises (MSE), and 2,482 agricultural businesses. BPS detailed that the
decline in income was mainly felt by the accommodation and eating and drinking
sectors. It was recorded that 92.47 percent of business actors in this sector
lost their income during the corona pandemic. The Central Statistics Agency
(BPS) noted that the income of 84 percent of Small and Medium Enterprises fell
amid the Covid-19 pandemic.
The Covid-19
pandemic has also affected MSME souvenir shops in Maluku (UD. N) due to the
spike in covid-19 cases; souvenir centers that were once crowded with tourists
have experienced a decrease in visitors, sales of souvenirs have also decreased
because there is little Demand so that production has also decreased. In the
end, the Ambon City Government implemented a Large-Scale Social Restrictions
policy so that UD. N had to close for a while. Therefore, with all the
limitations, the author is interested in knowing the Demand for souvenirs
during covid-19 at UD. N Ambon City.
This research
contributes to the existing literature by providing a comprehensive analysis of
souvenir demand during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on a specific case study
in Ambon City. It sheds light on how souvenir businesses navigate unprecedented
crises, offering valuable insights for practitioners and policymakers.
Additionally, the study highlights the following benefits:
METHOD
This research was conducted at UD. N Ambon City,
Maluku Province in January 2021. The data collection method in this
study is primary data, namely data obtained or collected
by yourself by conducting interviews, questionnaires, observations, or field research. While secondary data is data obtained from other parties, for example,
from data providers such as the Central Bureau of Statistics, Maluku Provincial Health
Office, Ambon City Cooperative and SME Office,
and the Ministry
of Cooperatives and SMEs.
The sampling technique
was carried out by
accidental sampling; namely,
anyone who happened
to meet the researcher
could be used as a sample.
To answer the objectives of this study,
qualitative descriptive analysis
techniques and multiple linear regression analysis were used (Sugiyono, 2013), namely:
Y = a + b1X1 + b2X2 + b3X3+ b4X4 + e
Where:
Y�������� = Demand for souvenirs
a�������� = Constanta
b�������� = Regression coefficient of independent variable
X1������� = Consumer income
X2������� = Price
of other goods
X3������� = Taste
X4������� = Future forecast
E�������� = Error rate
To measure the taste variable,
a Likert scale is used with the following criteria�� (Usman
& Akbar, 2022):
5�������� = Strongly Agree
4�������� = Agree
3�������� = Undecided
2�������� = Disagree
1�������� = Strongly Disagree
As for future estimates using dummy variables, dummy variables are
variables used to categorize
qualitative data (qualitative data has no unit of measurement) so that qualitative data can be used in regression analysis;
it must first be transformed into quantitative
form with the criteria 1 = Anticipating the future, 0 = Not anticipating the future.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
UD. N Business
Profile
In general, in Ambon City, there are various shops that sell
typical Ambon souvenir products,
one of which is UD. N, which
is located on Jl. A.M. Sangadji No. 5. UD. N is one of the most popular souvenir
shops in Ambon City because
of its strategic location
(close to the port), many variants of souvenirs, good taste, and famous for its original
eucalyptus oil.
UD. N Before and During Covid-19
Referring to (Aulawi, 2021), it is known that UD. N's income was around IDR. 36,000,000 per month under normal
conditions before the covid-19 pandemic. Based
on information from business actors and sales data collected by researchers, it can be seen that
for October 2020 to January
2021, UD. N experienced
a 42% decrease in income, namely from IDR 36,000,000 to IDR 15,044,048 per month.
Table 1. Total costs incurred by UD. N During Covid-19
|
Expenses/month
|
|
Variable Cost
|
Capital
|
IDR 34,933,452.00
|
|
|
Labor
|
IDR 3,250,000.00
|
|
Fixed Cost
|
Electricity
|
IDR 100,000.00
|
|
|
Phone
|
IDR 42,500.00
|
|
Total Cost
|
|
IDR 38,325,952.00
|
Income� = TR
- TC
�= IDR 53,370,000 - IDR 38,325,952
�= IDR 15,044,048/month
�= IDR 501,468/day
The decline in income began with the condition of restrictions on
community activities, namely
PSBB, which was implemented by the government on June 22, 2020, to prevent the transmission of Covid-19.
This caused UD. N had to temporarily close in June-September 2020. UD. N began actively
operating again in October 2020 when the transitional PSBB began to be
implemented by the Maluku government. Although
there has been some respite, the restrictions on store operating times
are still in effect, and not many people
are active outside
for fear of contracting Covid-19.
October-January 2021 is the time when people begin to learn to coexist
with covid-19 when flight access begins to open.
Demand for souvenirs
at UD. N
Food souvenir products are sago-based foods that are the choice of consumers because of their distinctive
taste and are easily available, and are souvenirs for tourists visiting
an area. At the same time, non-food souvenir products
are eucalyptus oil which has various health benefits. The
following can be seen as the number of requests for souvenirs at UD. N.
Table 2. Demand for souvenirs UD. N in Ambon City in January 2021
|
Product
Type
|
Product
Name
|
Demand (unit)
|
Total
|
|
|
Bagea walnut
|
36
|
|
|
Food Souvenirs
|
Coconut bagel
|
8
|
92
|
|
|
Sago mash
|
48
|
|
|
Non-Food Souvenirs
|
Pigeon eucalyptus oil
|
192
|
928
|
|
Namlea eucalyptus oil
|
736
|
|
|
Total
|
|
1020
|
Source: Primary Data (processed), 2021
Based on Table 2, it can be seen that the number of requests for
souvenirs is dominated by non-food
souvenir products. According to research, from the experience of purchasing processed sago products,
consumers can find out the specifications of good product
quality and the appropriate price (Pertiwi et al., 2022). However, what happens
in Ambon itself is that consumer interest in food souvenirs tends to decline due to pandemic
conditions and also product prices
increase. This is in accordance with what business
actors said that before the pandemic, the average buyer every day was around 30-40 people, while now it has
decreased to 10-15 people per day. On the contrary,
in a pandemic situation like this, consumer interest in eucalyptus oil tends to increase because it is a product that is
needed by every household in Ambon. In addition,
not only for personal use, eucalyptus oil is the best choice as a gift for
family and close relatives.
Eucalyptus oil contains the compound Eucalyptol (1,8-cineole),
which is known to have antimicrobial, immune
system stimulation, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, and spasmolytic effects.
This makes Eucalyptol widely used to treat respiratory system diseases such as influenza, bronchitis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. But the
assumption of some people that eucalyptus oil
can kill the covid-19 virus is not true. According to UGM researcher
Rini Pujiarti, Ph.D. (UGM.ac.id), the
active content of Eucalyptus in eucalyptus essential oil has the potential to be an antiviral, but if you
claim that Eucalyptus can kill the coronavirus
that causes covid-19, you need to
do further research to prove it.
Factors Affecting the Demand for Food Souvenirs
The magnitude of the effect
of perceptions of souvenir prices,
consumer income, prices of substitute goods, age, tastes,
and future estimates simultaneously on the Demand
for food souvenirs at UD. N in Ambon
City can be known based on the coefficient
of determination (R2). If the magnitude of the coefficient of
determination of a regression equation
is close to zero, then the effect of souvenir prices, consumer income, prices of substitute goods, age,
tastes, and future estimates becomes smaller.
Conversely, if the magnitude of the coefficient of determination of a regression equation is close to one, then the price of souvenirs,
consumer income, prices of substitute
goods, age, tastes, and future estimates will be even greater (Simple & Login, 2010).
Based on Table, the correlation value (R) = 0.634 is obtained,
which means that the relationship between
souvenir prices, consumer income, prices of substitute goods, age, tastes,
and future estimates
together has a strong relationship. The magnitude of the
influence of independent variables (the price of souvenirs, consumer income, price of substitute goods, age,
taste, and future estimates) on the dependent
variable (Demand for souvenirs) can be known from the coefficient of determination (R2), which is 0.403. Thus it can be concluded that the magnitude
of the effect of souvenir prices, consumer income, prices of substitute goods, age,
tastes, and future estimates simultaneously
on the Demand for food souvenirs at UD. N in Ambon City is 40.2%. At the same time, the remaining 50.8% is influenced by other variables
outside the study.
Furthermore, to determine the significant effect of souvenir
prices, consumer income, prices of
substitute goods, age, tastes, and future estimates together on the Demand for souvenirs in Ambon City can be
seen by comparing the value of Fcount and Ftable. (Parinduri et al., 2023).
Based on data
analysis, the value of Fcount = 3. 703 and the
value of Ftable = 2.4, then Fcount = 3.703> Ftable =
2.4. Furthermore, for significance, the sig value = 0.006 <𝛼�= 0.05, then
reject H0 and
accept H1. This means that the Price of Souvenirs (X1), Consumer Income (X2), Price of
Substitute Goods (X3), Age (X4), Taste (D1), and Future Estimates (D2) together have a
significant influence on Demand for
Food Souvenirs (Y1) at UD. N in Ambon City.
Based on the results of regression analysis,
the multiple linear regression equation
model is obtained as follows:
Furthermore, the coefficients b1 and b2 are called regression direction
coefficients and express
the average change
in the variable Demand for Food Souvenirs (Y1) for each Price of
Souvenirs (X1), Consumer Income (X2), Price of
Substitute Goods (X3),�Age�(X4),�Taste (D1)�and�Future Expectations (D2) each by one unit.
Furthermore, to test the significance of multiple linear
regression coefficients, the following tests
were conducted 𝑡. If the�tcount
value is
positive with a significance level
(0.001) < α (0.05), then the variable consumer income, the price of
other goods, tastes, and future estimates
have a positive and significant effect on the variable Demand
for
souvenirs. If the tcount value with a significance level of (0.001) > α (0.05), then the variable consumer income, the price
of other goods, tastes, and future estimates do not have a positive and significant effect on the variable Demand
for souvenirs.
The�tcount value for the regression coefficient X1 is 1.772 with a sig value = 0.086,
the tcount value for the regression coefficient X2 is 0.718 with a sig value = 0.478, the tcount value for the regression coefficient X3 is -0.218 with a sig value = 0.829,
the count value
for the�regression�coefficient�X4 is�-2.644�with a sig value = 0.012, the count value for the�regression�coefficient D1 is 2.045 with a sig
value = 0.049, and the count value�for the regression coefficient D2 is 2.868 with a sig
value = 0.007.
When compared
with α = 0.05 for D1 and D2, the tcount value�is
greater than the t-table value
(2.021), and the sig value is smaller than α. This shows that the
variables of taste and future estimates have a
significant effect on the Demand for food souvenirs at UD.
N. Whereas for X1, X2, X3, and X4, the sig value is
greater than a this indicates that the variable effect
of souvenir prices,
consumer income, prices
of substitute goods, and age has an insignificant effect on the Demand
for food souvenirs at UD. N.
Factors Affecting Demand
for Non-Food Souvenirs
The magnitude of the effect
of perceptions of souvenir prices,
consumer income, prices of substitute goods, age, tastes,
and future estimates simultaneously on the Demand
for food souvenirs at UD. N in Ambon
City can be known based on the coefficient
of determination (R2). If the magnitude of the coefficient of
determination of a regression
equation is close to zero, then the effect of souvenir prices, consumer income, prices of substitute goods, age,
tastes, and future estimates becomes smaller.
Conversely, if the magnitude of the coefficient of determination of a regression equation is close to one, then the price of souvenirs,
consumer income, prices of substitute
goods, age, tastes, and future estimates will be even greater (Simple & Login, 2010).
Based on data analysis, the correlation value (R) = 0.346 is
obtained, which means that the relationship between the variables of souvenir prices,
consumer income, prices
of substitute goods, age, tastes,
and future estimates
together has a weak relationship. The magnitude of the
influence of the independent variables of souvenir prices, consumer income, prices of substitute goods, age,
tastes, and future estimates) on the
dependent variable (Demand for non-food souvenirs) can be known from the coefficient of determination (R2), which is equal to 0.120.
Thus it can be concluded
that the magnitude
of the influence of souvenir
prices, consumer income,
prices of substitute goods, age, tastes, and future
estimates simultaneously on Demand for non-food souvenirs
at UD. N in Ambon City is 12%. At the same time, the remaining 88% is influenced by other variables outside the study.
Furthermore, to determine the significant effect of souvenir
prices, consumer income, prices of
substitute goods, age, tastes, and future estimates together on the Demand for non-food souvenirs in Ambon
City can be seen by comparing the value of
F count and F table (Parinduri et al., 2023).
Based on data analysis, the value of fcount = 0.750 and the value of Ftable
= 2.4, then Fcount = 3.703> Ftable =
2.4. Furthermore, for significance, the sig value = 0.614> 𝛼�= 0.05 then
reject H1 and
accept H0. This means that the Price of Souvenirs (X1), Consumer Income (X2), Price of
Substitute Goods (X3), Age (X4), Taste (D1), and Future Estimates (D2) together
have an insignificant influence on Demand
for Non-Food Souvenirs (Y2) at UD. N in Ambon City.
Based on the results of regression analysis,
the multiple linear regression equation
model is obtained as follows:
Furthermore, the coefficients b1 and b2 are called regression direction coefficients and express the average change in the Non-Food Souvenir
Demand variable (Y2) for each Souvenir Price
(X1), Consumer Income
(X2), Substitute Goods
Price (X3),�Age (X4),�Taste (D1)�and Future Forecast (D2) by one unit each.
Furthermore, to test the significance of multiple linear
regression coefficients, the following tests
were conducted 𝑡. If the tcount value is positive with a significance level (0.001) < α (0.05),
then the variable consumer income, the price of other goods, tastes,
and future estimates
have a positive and significant effect on the variable Demand
for
souvenirs. If the tcount value with a
significance level of (0.001) > α (0.05), then the variable
consumer income, the price of other goods, tastes, and future estimates do not have a positive and significant effect
on the variable Demand for souvenirs.
The�tcount value�for�the regression coefficient X1 is -1.676 with a sig value = 0.103, the�count value for the regression coefficient X2 is 0.426 with a sig value = 0.673, the tcount value�for�the regression coefficient�X3 is -0.356 with a sig value = 0.724, the tcount value�for�the regression coefficient X4 is 0.490 with a sig value =
0.628, the tcount value�for�the regression coefficient�D1 is 0.991 with a sig value = 0.329, and the tcount value�for�the regression coefficient D2 is -0.577 with a sig value = 0.568.
When compared with α = 0.05, all variables have a t-count value smaller than the t- table
value (2.021) and a sig value greater than α. This shows that the
variables of the effect of souvenir prices,
consumer income, prices
of substitute goods,
age of taste, and future estimates have an insignificant
effect on the Demand for food souvenirs at UD.
N.
The results of the multiple linear regression statistical analysis
test show that many factors are not
significant; this is due to the rise and fall of prices, income, age, and others have no effect on the Demand
for food souvenirs because these products
are needed for souvenirs, not routine consumption so that even though
the price rises and the income
level is small
if needed for souvenirs, consumers
will definitely buy it. This
also applies to the Demand for non-food souvenirs, where products are purchased
for reasons such as souvenirs and also
for health.
So, all of these souvenir products are commodities that are
classified as superior goods in the
sense that consumers will buy for two reasons, namely for souvenirs and health but not for regular consumption, so
consumers cannot delay for these two reasons. In addition, there are other
factors outside of the study
that are more influential but not
included in the research model.
Grouping of Souvenir
Producers and Commodities by Profit Level
UD. N, as one of the souvenir MSMEs, has a lot of cooperation with
various producers in Maluku, namely
as many as 20 partners;
this collaboration has been going
on for approximately 26 years. Trust, mutual respect, and need have been
formed from both parties
so that this business cooperation process is still ongoing. In this collaboration, each producer provides different benefits.
The number of producers who provided profits during the study
period was 15 producers with varying and uncertain supply of goods. Then the percentage of profit
for each product is determined by UD. N. The following
is a list of souvenir products requested by consumers based on the level of profit.
Table 3. Profit level of souvenir products at UD. N
|
Producer
|
Product
|
Unit
|
Volume
|
% Profit
|
Total Profit
|
Average Profit
|
|
CV. Nikmat
Angkasa
|
Lemongrass Oil 100 ml
|
ml
|
1
|
40
|
IDR 32,333.00
|
IDR 322,886.42
|
|
Namlea Eucalyptus Oil 60 ml
|
ml
|
1
|
59
|
IDR 35,200.00
|
|
Namlea Eucalyptus Oil 100 ml
|
ml
|
27
|
43
|
IDR 810,675.00
|
|
Namlea Eucalyptus Oil 20 ml
|
ml
|
2
|
52
|
IDR 18,076.00
|
|
Namlea Eucalyptus Oil 20 ml Dozenan
|
Dozen
|
5
|
49
|
IDR 488,965.00
|
|
Namlea Eucalyptus Oil 220 ml
|
ml
|
23
|
32
|
IDR 814,200.00
|
|
Namlea Eucalyptus Oil 275 ml
|
ml
|
11
|
42
|
IDR 742,500.00
|
|
Namlea Eucalyptus Oil 30 ml
|
ml
|
5
|
55
|
IDR 69,050.00
|
|
Namlea Eucalyptus Oil 30 ml Dozenan
|
Dozen
|
2
|
55
|
IDR 331,440.00
|
|
Namlea Eucalyptus Oil 550 ml
|
ml
|
4
|
33
|
IDR 357,200.00
|
|
Namlea Eucalyptus Oil roll on
|
ml
|
4
|
55
|
IDR 26,332.00
|
|
Namlea Eucalyptus Oil roll on Dozenan
|
Dozen
|
2
|
53
|
IDR 148,666.00
|
|
PT. Sinar
Baru
|
White Dove Clove Oil
|
Bottle
|
2
|
40
|
IDR 20,000.00
|
IDR 70,000.00
|
|
Pigeon Eucalyptus Oil dozen
|
Dozen
|
6
|
13
|
IDR 120,000.00
|
|
Ambon
|
Sago Tumbu
|
Pack
|
11
|
60
|
IDR 165,000.00
|
IDR 165,000.00
|
|
Hj. Halima
Malawat
|
Three-leaf Walnut Bread
|
Pack
|
14
|
26
|
IDR 84,000.00
|
IDR 84,000.00
|
|
Mrs. Nona
|
Nona Fitria Walnut Bagel
|
Pack
|
12
|
10
|
IDR 60,000.00
|
IDR 40,000.00
|
|
Makron fitra
|
Pack
|
4
|
10
|
IDR 20,000.00
|
|
MBD
|
MBD Forest Honey
|
Bottle
|
4
|
12
|
IDR 40,000.00
|
IDR 40,000.00
|
|
Central Maluku
|
Halua Walnut Cookies
|
Pack
|
6
|
17
|
IDR 30,000.00
|
IDR 28,333.33
|
|
Dried Candied Nutmeg
|
Pack
|
7
|
20
|
IDR 35,000.00
|
|
Wet Candied Nutmeg
|
Pack
|
4
|
20
|
IDR 20,000.00
|
|
Mardika
|
Halua Walnut Ambon
|
Pack
|
5
|
25
|
IDR 25,000.00
|
IDR 25,000.00
|
|
Mamala
|
Walnut Bread
|
Pack
|
5
|
26
|
IDR 30,000.00
|
IDR 21,000.00
|
|
Pigeon Walnut Bread
|
Pack
|
2
|
30
|
IDR 12,000.00
|
|
DD
|
DD Chocolate Walnut Bread
|
Pack
|
6
|
13
|
IDR 30,000.00
|
IDR 20,000.00
|
|
Walnut Shavings
|
Pack
|
2
|
25
|
IDR 10,000.00
|
|
Waai
|
Halua Walnut Wareloka
|
Pack
|
2
|
33
|
IDR 10,000.00
|
IDR 10,000.00
|
|
Ihamahu
|
Ihamahu Walnut Bagel
|
Pack
|
1
|
30
|
IDR 6,000.00
|
IDR 6,000.00
|
|
Craig
|
Sago Plate
|
Pack
|
1
|
25
|
IDR 5,000.00
|
IDR 5,000.00
|
|
Nacha
|
Anchovy Sauce Nacha Ambon
|
Bottle
|
1
|
14
|
IDR 5,000.00
|
IDR 5,000.00
|
|
Small Eucalyptus Candies
|
Pouch
|
1
|
50
|
IDR 5,000.00
|
Source: Primary Data (processed), 2022
Based on the results of research in January 2021 for one week,
there were 15 producers whose
products were in Demand by consumers. In Table 3, it can be seen that the best-selling non-food souvenir
product is Namlea Eucalyptus Oil with a size of 100 ml of as many as 27 units/week, followed
by 220 ml sizes as many as 23 units and 275 ml sizes as many as 11 units. Then for food
products that are most in demand and provide
a lot of profit, namely Sago Tumbu, as much as 11 units/week, and nona
Fitria Walnut Bagea, as much as 12 units/week. In addition, there are also non-food products
that are in great demand by consumers, namely Three-Leaf Walnut Bread, as many as 14 units per
week.
Furthermore,
from Table 3, we can also see that the producers who provide the most profit are CV. Nikmat Angkasa with
Namlea Eucalyptus Oil products provided an average
profit of IDR 322,886 / week, followed
by Ambon with Sago Tumbu products providing a profit of IDR 165,000 / week, Hj. Halima Malawat with
Three-Leaf Walnut Bread products
provided a profit of IDR 84,000/week, PT Sinar Baru with Pigeon Eucalyptus Oil products provided a profit
of IDR 70,000/week, Mrs. Nona with Nona Fitria
Walnut Bagea products provided a profit of IDR 40,000/week and MBD with Forest Honey products provided a profit of
IDR 40,000/week. The six producers have products
that are most in-demand by consumers and have long collaborated with UD. N in this souvenir business.
For this reason,
the products of the six producers above are important to prioritize in the next sale.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of research on the
Demand for souvenirs during Covid-19 in Ambon City (Case Study of UD. N), the
following conclusions can be drawn: 1) Demand for souvenirs during covid-19 was
dominated by non-food souvenir products. The total Demand for food souvenirs is
92 units per month, while the Demand for non-food souvenirs is 928 units per
month. This shows that consumer interest in non-food souvenir products
(eucalyptus oil) is very high because it is needed by every household in the
midst of the Covid-19 pandemic. 2) Simultaneously, the price of souvenirs,
consumer income, price of substitute goods, age, taste, and future estimates
have a significant effect on the Demand for food souvenirs. While partially
only tastes and future estimates have a significant effect on the Demand for
food souvenirs, 3) Simultaneously and partially, the price of souvenirs,
consumer income, price of substitute goods, age, taste, and future estimates
have an insignificant effect on the Demand for non-food souvenirs. The number
of producers who provide a lot of profit is 15. Producers the types of food
souvenirs that are most attractive to consumers are sago tumble and nona fitra
walnut ,bagea produced by Ambon and Mrs. Nona. While the most popular type of
non-food souvenir is named eucalyptus oil 100 ml produced by CV. Nikmat
Angkasa.
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