Corresponding Author: Dewi
Ratna Nurhayati
Email: �[email protected]
INTRODUCTION
In Indonesia, there are many types of orchids. This
type of diversity has good potential for growing orchids in Indonesia. The
development of orchid seeds in Indonesia still faces many obstacles, such as
limited seed sources and low seed quality, because the propagation techniques
used are not appropriate (Ayuningtyas et al.,
2021). Therefore, it is necessary to multiply orchid
plants; one way is by tissue culture. Tissue culture can produce orchid seeds
in large numbers and in a relatively short time.
Tissue culture is a vegetative plant propagation
technique. In tissue culture, it can also be obtained from shoots; tissue
culture can also grow parts that have been separated into a sterile medium
containing nutrients and ZPT or Growth Promoter Substances in a closed place or
container. Transparent so that plant parts can be taken and reproduced until
they continue to regenerate into complete plants (Safitri et al., 2021).
In tissue culture, there are several steps. For
example, in the acclimatization phase, acclimatization is the process of
adapting plants to the environment from in vitro to ex-vitro. In orchids, there are three
growth phases, namely the seedling phase, juvenile phase, and adult phase (Fatmawati, 2021). In the orchid seedling
phase, the age is 2-3 months. That also happens in the growth of moon orchid
seedlings. During the post-acclimatization period, moon orchids still grow
unstable and lack energy and nutrients. Around us, several substances can boost
energy and hormones. The materials used are coconut water (cytokinin) and
granulated sugar (sucrose). After the acclimatization process, it's highly
necessary to stimulate growth, and one of the methods involves using natural
substances such as sugar and coconut water that provide nutritional sources
like vitamin B, energy sources like sucrose, and promote plant growth.
The use of coconut water for
organic materials is an alternative method as a substitute for synthetic
materials used in making culture media, such as Quentin, coconut water can be
used. Besides being easily available at a more affordable price, coconut water
also contains cytokinin hormones, which are good for growth, as well as adding
sugar.
The addition of sugar is needed to provide an energy
source during plant growth. Sucrose supply in vitro media functions as a
substitute for producing explant photosynthesis as a source of carbohydrates (Wahyurini & Susilowati,
2020). Sucrose has important cellular roles, such as energy production in
respiration, regulation of membrane stability, and supporting the process of
forming new cells in plants (Heriansyah, 2019); (Karimah et al., 2021).
METHOD
This research was
carried out at the Green Leaves Orchids Garden, Sinoman Tempel, Sidorejo,
Salatiga. This research was carried out from October 19 to December 25 2022.
This research used a Completely Randomized Design (Factorial RAL) method with
two factors, three replications and one sub-replication. Using coconut water
concentration (A) as the first factor, there are four levels, namely: A0 =
(control), A1 = 25 ml/litre of distilled water, A2 = 50 ml/litre of distilled
water, A3 = 75 ml/litre of distilled water and the second factor is four levels
of granulated sugar, namely: B0 = 0 gr (control), B1 = 10 gr, B2 = 20 gr, B3 =
30 gr. Then, the observation data was analyzed using the ANOVA test with a
further BNJ test at a 5% level.
Planting was
carried out in soft pots measuring 4 x 5 cm, with a total of 96 soft pots. The
acclimatization process involves removing the moon orchid plant seeds
(Phalaenopsis hybrid) from the bottle by cleaning the remaining planting media
attached to the roots by washing them with plain water, then soaking them
briefly using an insecticide solution, then preparing the planting media using
a combination of ferns and styrofoam placed in the pot. Soft with a size of 8 x
9 cm, orchid seeds (Phalaenopsis hybrid) are planted under the shade for an
acclimatization process for two weeks. After that, they are planted in pots
using sphagnum media; care is carried out by regular spraying with a
concentration of coconut water and granulated sugar when the plants are one
week old after planting and given once every seven days by spraying, while
fertilizer is only needed to see the conditions. Harvesting is done at 8 WAP.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1. Live percentage of orchid plants with
giving concentration of coconut water and granulated
sugar
|
Treatment
|
B0
|
B1
|
B2
|
B3
|
TOTAL
|
|
A0
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
|
A1
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
|
A2
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
|
A3
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
|
TOTAL
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
The survival rate of orchids
with the addition of coconut water and granulated sugar gives a result of 100,
which means all plants survive 100%. This is because the nutrients are
fulfilled, the content of coconut water and granulated sugar can stimulate growth,
and the environmental factors are right for the growth of all types of
plants�nutrient elements that provide nutrients for plant growth (Nurhayati,
2023). Apart from nutrients,
environmental factors have a big influence on plant growth. According to (Dasuha,
2023), good environmental factors
will help plants grow well and fertilely. Konsentrasi air kelapa mempunyai perbedaan
parameter lebar daun yang nyata karena penggunaan air kelapa harus tepat. The
reason is that using coconut water with excessively high concentration can
disrupt plant growth (Sari et al., 2023). In this study, treatment with a concentration of
75 ml/L of coconut water and 20 grams of granulated sugar showed the best
response. The response was observed in root length, the number of new leaves,
and leaf width.
Table 2.
Average Growth Parameters of Moon Orchid Plants
(Phalaenopsis hybrid)
|
Treatment
|
Amount Leaf Moment
final
|
Wide Leaf
|
Long Leaf
|
Number of Leaves� New
|
Long Root
|
|
A0B0
|
4.50 b
|
3.00 a
|
10.00 a
|
1.50 a
|
7.40 b
|
|
A0B1
|
4.33 a
|
3.00 a
|
10.67 a
|
1.67 a
|
6.33 a
|
|
A0B2
|
4.50 b
|
3.00 a
|
7.50 a
|
2.00 a
|
6.17 b
|
|
A0B3
|
4.00 a
|
3.00 a
|
8.83 a
|
1.67 a
|
6.17 b
|
|
A1B0
|
4.00 a
|
3.50 a
|
9.50 a
|
1.67 b
|
8.17 a
|
|
A1B1
|
4.00 a
|
3.33 a
|
10.50 a
|
1.50 a
|
8.17 a
|
|
A1B2
|
4.00 a
|
3.17 a
|
11.17 b
|
1.00 a
|
10.00 b
|
|
A1B3
|
3.83 a
|
3.67 a
|
9.67 a
|
1.67 a
|
9.00 a
|
|
A2B0
|
4.33 a
|
3.67 b
|
8.67 a
|
1.83 a
|
8.33 b
|
|
A2B1
|
4.33 a
|
3.00 a
|
10.00 a
|
1.33 a
|
5.33 a
|
|
A2B2
|
4.33 a
|
3.83 b
|
8.83 a
|
1.67 a
|
7.33 a
|
|
A2B3
|
4.00 a
|
3.50 a
|
9.17 a
|
1.67 a
|
10.00 b
|
|
A3B0
|
4.00 a
|
3.67 a
|
9.17 a
|
1.00 a
|
11.33 b
|
|
A3B1
|
3.83 a
|
3.50 a
|
9.83 a
|
2.33 a
|
9.33 a
|
|
A3B2
|
4.17 a
|
3.67 a
|
8.17 a
|
2.33 b
|
8.67 a
|
|
A3B3
|
3.83 a
|
3.17 a
|
9.67 a
|
1.00 a
|
10.00 a
|
Note: Numbers followed by the same letter in the
same column indicate that the results are not significantly different in the 5%
level of the Honest Significant Difference (BNJ) follow-up test.
This shows that the concentration of coconut water used is significantly
different from the parameters of the final number of leaves because coconut
water contains the cytokinin hormone, which plays an important role in cell
division for plant growth. The cytokinin hormone works with the auxin hormone
and quickly analyzes the process of cell division in shoots and leaf tips in
moon orchid plants. The number of leaves at the end of each week is not
uniform; there is a fixed average return. According to (Kaka
et al., 2015), coconut water is an endosperm
fluid that contains diphenylurea, which allows it to stimulate cell division.
Coconut water can also help the process of cell division and cell
differentiation and encourage plant growth. In coconuts, there is endosperm
fluid, namely the liquid and its sediments that stick to the inner walls of the
shell, and the component found in coconut water is diphenylurea, namely the
cytokinin phenylurea and a plant hormone that can induce flower development.
The concentration of coconut water has a significant difference in leaf
width parameters because the use of coconut water must be appropriate. After
all, if you use coconut water with too high a concentration, it can disrupt
plant growth (Setiawan
et al., 2019). In this study, treatment with
75 ml/L concentrate and 20 gr granulated sugar showed the best response.
The leaf width observed every week does not increase evenly; there is a
constant average yield, which is in line with the opinion (Kaka
et al., 2015). It is said that the growth
hormone in coconut water can increase plant growth by 20-70%. To accelerate the
growth of moon orchids, because coconut water is rich in minerals that are good
for plant growth and provide sufficient nutrition for the substrate, coconut
water depends on concentration and treatment for best results. Provides a
supportive environment and maintains temperature.
The lack of interaction between the two treatments is thought to require
endogenous cytokinins for leaf elongation. (Pranata
et al., 2015) States that the interaction and
development between growth regulatory substances supplied to the medium and
those produced by endogenous cells determine the direction of growth. The
addition of exogenous auxin and cytokinin alters the levels of endogenous
cellular regulators.
Each treatment has a different average yield per week; some are constant,
and some increase per week. This is due to differences in individual plant
sensitivity, and the addition of granulated sugar also has a different effect.
The leaves are long because granulated sugar contains sucrose, which is
beneficial for plants. This is the same as (Sitanggang
et al., 2015) in (Saleh
et al., 2022) stated that sucrose plays an
important role in plant vegetative growth, including the development of new
roots, leaves and stems. This happens because, during the division of new
cells, large amounts of carbohydrates are needed to build cell walls, which
contain protoplasm and cellulose. In contrast, cellulose and protoplasm consist
mostly of sugar.
In the number of new leaves, there was an interaction that was not
significantly different according to (Pratama
& Nilahayati, 2018); (Pranata
et al., 2015); adding coconut water with a
concentration of 15% produced an average number of shoots of 3-4 shoots in 2
months and decreased with increasing concentration�coconut water.
This shows that the concentration of coconut water and granulated sugar
influences root length parameters because coconut water contains several
minerals such as amino acids, organic acids, nucleic acids, purines, sugar,
alcohol, vitamins, minerals and growth. Coconut water contains growth
regulators in the form of auxin hormones and cytokinin hormones, which can
stimulate shoot formation (Setiawan
et al., 2019).
CONCLUSION
This research indicates that the
administration of coconut water concentrate significantly affects the number of
leaves, leaf width, root length, and plant survival rate. The application of
granulated sugar treatment has also been proven to affect root length and plant
survival rate. Moreover, the interaction between the concentration of coconut
water and the application of granulated sugar also demonstrates its impact on
root length, the number of leaves at the end of the observation period, and
leaf width. This signifies the complexity of the relationship between these two
factors in influencing plant growth and survival. This study provides a deeper
understanding of how the administration of coconut water and granulated sugar
affects plant growth parameters. This understanding could serve as a crucial
foundation for the development of more effective and efficient agricultural
techniques in the future.
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