Corresponding Author: Sonila Ali
E-mail: [email protected]
INTRODUCTION
The
principal objective of public healthcare is to enhance the duration of healthy
living and sustain autonomy and the standard of life for as long as feasible.
The concept of healthy aging encompasses the prevention of illness and
impairment, the preservation of optimal physical and cognitive capabilities,
and the continued involvement in social and productive endeavors. Together,
these three components collectively delineate the concept of successful aging (Silveira
et al., 2013). Nevertheless, several scholarly works
predominantly conceptualize it as the ultimate phase within an individual's
life cycle, distinguished by a diminished capacity to adjust to one's
surroundings effectively. To clarify, aging encompasses a range of biological,
social, psychological, and cultural transformations resulting in various
outcomes, such as increased reliance on others, reduced cognitive flexibility,
and challenges adjusting to a dynamic environment (Id�rraga-Cabrera
et al., 2020). The policy framework put forth by the
World Health Organization (WHO) encompasses the concept of active aging, a
constructive process aimed at maximizing health, engagement, and safety to
improve individuals' overall quality of life as they age (Martin et
al., 2015). The user's text needs to be longer to be
rewritten academically. The concept mentioned above underwent further
refinement with the inclusion of the notion of "lifelong learning" as
an additional component. This component encompasses continuously acquiring and
updating information and skills, ensuring ongoing relevance, and enhancing
personal security (Mendoza-Ruvalcaba
& Fern�ndez-Ballesteros, 2016).
Thus,
older people need motivation and support in their lives in order to receive
life satisfaction. They continuously struggle to achieve their desired
lifestyle by all means. This lowers their confidence and their zest for living
a better life. This requires a lot of positive drive and livelihood to overcome
their fears and live peacefully. The World Health Organization (WHO)
established the active aging policy framework in 2002 (Organization,
2015). The framework emphasizes the provision
of chances for individuals to engage in activities that align with their
rights, goals, needs, and abilities as they age. Additionally, this approach
exhibits greater inclusivity by acknowledging and valuing older individuals'
perspectives. Nevertheless, utilizing the WHO framework for policy guidance and
societal interventions has posed limitations for researchers in their attempts
to model data at the individual level (Siltanen
et al., 2021).
In recent years, numerous studies have investigated the
multidimensional aspects of senior citizens' physical and mental well-being.
These studies have explored critical factors such as healthcare, social
engagement, physical fitness and mental health, shedding light on the various
determinants of seniors' quality of life. These insights have significantly
contributed to our understanding of the challenges and opportunities in aging
populations, fostering improvements in senior care and support systems.
However, despite the wealth of research on senior well-being, a
noticeable void exists in the literature concerning the potential role of
motivational videos in enhancing seniors' life satisfaction and overall
well-being. This represents a significant research gap that demands attention
and investigation.
Motivational videos, a medium known for its ability to inspire,
uplift, and encourage individuals, have gained considerable popularity in
recent years. They often incorporate inspirational speeches, personal success
stories, and positive affirmations, all aimed at promoting motivation,
self-esteem, and a positive outlook on life. While motivational videos have
been utilized in various contexts, their application and potential benefits for
senior citizens still need to be studied.
Seniors face unique challenges as they navigate the aging process,
including physical limitations, loss of loved ones, and a potential sense of
isolation. Understanding how motivational videos can impact their emotional and
psychological well-being, as well as their overall life satisfaction, is
crucial. These videos may be a readily accessible and cost-effective
intervention that can promote resilience, optimism, and a sense of purpose
among seniors, potentially improving their quality of life.
Exploring the effectiveness of motivational videos in addressing
the specific needs and aspirations of senior citizens could pave the way for
innovative interventions and support systems tailored to this demographic.
Furthermore, such research could inform the development of targeted content and
strategies that align with the unique challenges and goals of senior
individuals, ultimately contributing to their enhanced well-being and life
satisfaction.
In summary, existing research on senior citizens has provided
valuable insights into their physical and mental health. However, the absence
of studies investigating the potential impact of motivational videos on their
life satisfaction and well-being highlights a significant research gap that
needs to be explored and studied. Addressing this gap holds the promise of
improving the quality of life for senior citizens and advancing our
understanding of effective interventions in this field. Therefore, the objectives
of this research are to understand and analyze the impact of technology and
motivational films on the mental and emotional health of senior adults in
Pakistan. To evaluate the approach's effect on seniors' overall life
satisfaction while considering various factors that enhance their well-being.
To explore methods for modifying motivational content to fit the diverse
cultural, linguistic, and personal preferences of Pakistan's older population. The research objective is
to describe the relationship pattern of the independent and dependent
variables. Present types of population research, samples, sampling techniques,
research criteria, data collection methods, and data analysis. To conduct studies tracking the impacts of "Golden
Inspirations" and assess their short-term benefits on the general
well-being of older people.
METHOD
Materials
a.
Sample
A purposive sampling has been used a total of 82 senior adults
were selected from the Al-Azhar Garden Society to form the study's group,
representing a wide age range of 60 to 95 years.
b.
Research
Criteria
One of the
most critical steps in the research process was finding participants for this
study. In order to increase the generalization of the results, a wide range of
older persons were purposefully included in this selection.
c.
Research Materials
The research materials employed in this comprehensive study
included Form A (Satisfaction with Life Scale by Pavot, Diener, Colvin, Sandvik
- 1991) and the Bradburn Scale of Psychological Well-Being. Furthermore, Form
B, another example of the Satisfaction Index, was used in the research
(Satisfaction with Life Scale by Pavot, Diener, Colvin, Sandvik - 1991). The
Bradburn Scale of Psychological Well-Being was also employed to assuring a
comprehensive and in-depth assessment of participants' well-being.
d.
Experimental
Design
A within-subject design was used
in the research design for this study, which included two different
experimental conditions. This methodological decision enabled a direct
comparison of the effects of several motivational film styles on the well-being
of the participants.
e.
Data
Collection
The data collection process was
thoroughly planned. Participants were required to complete Form A, which
operated as a baseline assessment instrument that measured their level of life
satisfaction and psychological health, before seeing any motivational movies.
f.
Intervention
Participants watched several
motivational movies together with sessions of laughter therapy in order to
examine the potential benefits of motivation on senior persons. For four days,
this intervention was given continually, giving the individuals an extended and
complete experience.
g.
Post-Intervention
Assessment
Participants were provided with
Form B on the fourth day of the intervention, designed to record any observable
changes in their level of life satisfaction and psychological health due to
viewing the motivating movies. This post-intervention assessment was essential
in determining the intervention's effectiveness.
Variables
a.
Independent
Variable
The independent variable in this
study examined was the type of motivational video. Participants observed a
variety of motivational videos, allowing for a detailed examination of how
different motivational stimuli can affect the well-being of senior citizens.
b.
Dependent
Variable
The level of zest among senior
citizens served as the study's primary dependent variable. This model, which
includes components of vitality, enthusiasm, and happy emotional experiences,
was chosen as a substitute for total well-being.
c.
Control Variable
Several control factors were
carefully considered to maintain the study's integrity. These included the
length of intervention exposure and the motivational videos' language, both of
which had the potential to bias the findings if not appropriately controlled
for.
Statistical
Analysis
a.
Data
Processing
The total number of responses to
each question was calculated in order to examine the data that was collected.
This quantification made it possible to evaluate the intervention's effects on
participants' well-being in great detail.
b.
Measurement
Scales
The Satisfaction with Life Scale
by Pavot, Diener, Colvin, Sandvik, and the Bradburn Scale of Psychological
Well-Being were used in the study to measure psychological well-being and life
satisfaction. These scales are the best options for this investigation because
they are valid and reliable.
c.
Statistical
Test
A t-test was performed to
determine the effect of motivation on the senior participating participants.
This statistical analysis showed essential differences between the two
experimental settings. It shows how motivating movies may affect older adults's
enthusiasm for life and general well-being.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Condition 1: before motivational video: N = 82
Condition 2: After motivational video: N = 82
Table
1: Showing Total and Average Mean for Condition 1 and Condition 2
|
Before
Motivational Video
|
After
Motivational Video
|
|
Condition
A
|
Section
A
|
Section
B
|
Condition
B
|
Section
A
|
Section
B
|
|
01
|
29
|
3
|
01
|
26
|
2
|
|
02
|
19
|
-2
|
02
|
21
|
-1
|
|
03
|
27
|
2
|
03
|
29
|
3
|
|
04
|
11
|
-3
|
04
|
13
|
-3
|
|
05
|
21
|
3
|
05
|
24
|
4
|
|
06
|
26
|
2
|
06
|
30
|
2
|
|
07
|
29
|
0
|
07
|
31
|
1
|
|
08
|
22
|
0
|
08
|
25
|
2
|
|
09
|
15
|
0
|
09
|
21
|
2
|
|
10
|
21
|
-1
|
10
|
25
|
2
|
|
11
|
27
|
0
|
11
|
30
|
2
|
|
12
|
16
|
-3
|
12
|
12
|
-2
|
|
13
|
21
|
3
|
13
|
26
|
3
|
|
14
|
10
|
-4
|
14
|
17
|
0
|
|
15
|
23
|
1
|
15
|
24
|
1
|
|
16
|
15
|
2
|
16
|
30
|
4
|
|
17
|
13
|
2
|
17
|
21
|
3
|
|
18
|
10
|
-1
|
18
|
23
|
1
|
|
19
|
24
|
0
|
19
|
25
|
2
|
|
20
|
16
|
-2
|
20
|
22
|
3
|
|
21
|
24
|
2
|
21
|
32
|
4
|
|
22
|
15
|
-1
|
22
|
14
|
1
|
|
23
|
21
|
0
|
23
|
29
|
2
|
|
24
|
14
|
-4
|
24
|
19
|
-1
|
|
25
|
25
|
2
|
25
|
28
|
3
|
|
26
|
20
|
1
|
26
|
20
|
1
|
|
27
|
22
|
0
|
27
|
26
|
3
|
|
28
|
27
|
4
|
28
|
30
|
4
|
|
29
|
17
|
2
|
29
|
15
|
-3
|
|
30
|
18
|
-2
|
30
|
27
|
1
|
|
31
|
24
|
0
|
31
|
23
|
4
|
|
32
|
24
|
3
|
32
|
35
|
4
|
|
33
|
34
|
4
|
33
|
35
|
4
|
|
34
|
20
|
3
|
34
|
25
|
1
|
|
35
|
17
|
3
|
35
|
23
|
3
|
|
36
|
26
|
1
|
36
|
24
|
3
|
|
37
|
9
|
-4
|
37
|
20
|
2
|
|
38
|
9
|
-2
|
38
|
17
|
0
|
|
39
|
23
|
2
|
39
|
26
|
2
|
|
40
|
28
|
1
|
40
|
32
|
2
|
|
41
|
29
|
0
|
41
|
35
|
3
|
|
42
|
22
|
-2
|
42
|
26
|
2
|
|
43
|
24
|
3
|
43
|
27
|
-1
|
|
44
|
22
|
-2
|
44
|
24
|
3
|
|
45
|
27
|
4
|
45
|
24
|
1
|
|
46
|
18
|
0
|
46
|
21
|
1
|
|
47
|
18
|
0
|
47
|
19
|
1
|
|
48
|
29
|
4
|
48
|
33
|
3
|
|
49
|
23
|
3
|
49
|
28
|
1
|
|
50
|
15
|
-4
|
50
|
24
|
1
|
|
51
|
25
|
1
|
51
|
29
|
1
|
|
52
|
29
|
5
|
52
|
29
|
3
|
|
53
|
29
|
5
|
53
|
28
|
3
|
|
54
|
24
|
3
|
54
|
27
|
0
|
|
55
|
24
|
4
|
55
|
35
|
5
|
|
56
|
17
|
-3
|
56
|
17
|
0
|
|
57
|
26
|
3
|
57
|
24
|
2
|
|
58
|
27
|
4
|
58
|
21
|
1
|
|
59
|
27
|
0
|
59
|
23
|
1
|
|
60
|
16
|
1
|
60
|
18
|
3
|
|
61
|
18
|
-3
|
61
|
22
|
-2
|
|
62
|
14
|
2
|
62
|
13
|
3
|
|
63
|
23
|
1
|
63
|
28
|
2
|
|
64
|
20
|
1
|
64
|
18
|
0
|
|
65
|
25
|
1
|
65
|
27
|
0
|
|
66
|
25
|
-1
|
66
|
26
|
1
|
|
67
|
27
|
2
|
67
|
30
|
0
|
|
68
|
19
|
5
|
68
|
15
|
3
|
|
69
|
22
|
2
|
69
|
23
|
2
|
|
70
|
23
|
-2
|
70
|
24
|
-1
|
|
71
|
21
|
2
|
71
|
19
|
3
|
|
72
|
27
|
4
|
72
|
29
|
3
|
|
73
|
24
|
5
|
73
|
24
|
3
|
|
74
|
19
|
4
|
74
|
12
|
2
|
|
75
|
17
|
4
|
75
|
23
|
1
|
|
76
|
20
|
-2
|
76
|
18
|
1
|
|
77
|
22
|
2
|
77
|
28
|
1
|
|
78
|
28
|
2
|
78
|
33
|
2
|
|
79
|
21
|
-1
|
79
|
19
|
-1
|
|
80
|
26
|
2
|
80
|
27
|
2
|
|
81
|
18
|
-3
|
81
|
17
|
0
|
|
82
|
12
|
-4
|
82
|
18
|
-1
|
|
TOTAL
|
1754
|
69
|
TOTAL
|
1980
|
129
|
|
AVERAGE
|
21.40
|
0.84
|
AVERAGE
|
24.15
|
1.57
|
In the Table mentioned above 1, in
Condition 1, 82 Participants of the group reported there was less life
satisfaction, which was 21.40 on average, then Condition 2, where 82
Participants of the group reported there was higher life satisfaction after a motivational
video, which was 24.15 on average.
In this study, we conducted paired
t-tests to examine the impact of a motivational video intervention on two key
variables: life satisfaction and psychological well-being among a group of
senior citizens. The study included 82 participants for whom data was collected
before (Condition 1) and after (Condition 2) exposure to the motivational
video.
Table 2: T test for life
satisfaction in senior citizen
|
t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means for Section A
|
|
|
Variable
1
|
Variable
2
|
|
Mean
|
21.3902439
|
24.14634146
|
|
Variance
|
29.69768142
|
32.12646793
|
|
Observations
|
82
|
82
|
|
Pearson
Correlation
|
0.711972877
|
|
|
Hypothesized
Mean Difference
|
0
|
|
|
df
|
81
|
|
|
t
Stat
|
5.90869773
|
|
|
P(T<=t)
one-tail
|
3.89789E-08
|
|
|
t
Critical one-tail
|
1.663883913
|
|
|
P(T<=t)
two-tail
|
7.79578E-08
|
|
|
t
Critical two-tail
|
1.989686323
|
|
The table mentioned above 2, the
t-test for condition 1, shows the rejection of H0, which means H1
is accepted. Where our hypothesis is proved to be correct. For life
satisfaction (Table 2), we found a significant difference in means between
Condition 1 (mean = 21.39) and Condition 2 (mean = 24.15), with a t-statistic
of 5.91 and p-value less than 0.0001. This indicates an apparent increase in
life satisfaction following exposure to the motivational video. The rejection
of the null hypothesis (H0) in favor of the alternative hypothesis (H1)
supports the notion that the video intervention positively affected life
satisfaction in senior citizens.
Table 3: T test for psychological
well-being in senior citizen
|
t-Test:
Paired Two Sample for Means for Section B
|
|
|
Variable
1
|
Variable
2
|
|
Mean
|
0.841463415
|
1.573170732
|
|
Variance
|
6.258506474
|
2.8155676
|
|
Observations
|
82
|
82
|
|
Pearson
Correlation
|
0.518944977
|
|
|
Hypothesized
Mean Difference
|
0
|
|
|
df
|
81
|
|
|
t
Stat
|
3.0507014
|
|
|
P(T<=t)
one-tail
|
0.00154283
|
|
|
t
Critical one-tail
|
1.663883913
|
|
|
P(T<=t)
two-tail
|
0.003085659
|
|
|
t
Critical two-tail
|
1.989686323
|
|
Similarly, the table mentioned
above 3, a t-test for condition 2, shows rejection of H0, which
means H1 is accepted. Which also shows our hypothesis to be correct.
Similarly, for psychological well-being (Table 3), there was a significant
difference in means between Condition 1 (mean = 0.84) and Condition 2 (mean =
1.57), with a t-statistic of 3.05 and a p-value of 0.0015. Again, the rejection
of H0 in favor of H1 suggests that the motivational video positively impacted
psychological well-being among the senior participants.
After evaluating my result, I
found that the effect of motivational videos on senior citizens is actual.
There can be different reasons /factors to determine the effect of motivational
videos on older adults. The main characteristic of old age people is showing
signs of
Poly-pathology, which needs a
multi-medication. The effect of this poly-pathology added to the aging
physiological phenomenon is finally represented by the following states:
incapacity, dependency handicap, and infirmity (Albinita et al., 2010).
Mental health problems, including
depression, anxiety, and psychological symptoms among the elderly in Finland,
are as prevalent today as 20 years ago. About 5% of Finland's general
population suffers from major depression (Volkert et al., 2013). On the other hand, the prevalence of psychological distress
among the elderly is close to 24% of the population.
Several theories have been
developed to assist depression with increasing motivation in the elderly
population. It has been found, for example, that when individuals believe they
can obtain an outcome they want to achieve by engaging in a specified behavior,
the probability that an individual will be motivated to engage in that behavior
increases (Martins Van Jaarsveld, 2020)
Further, it has been found that
psychological well-being through motivation is affected by how an individual
fits the environment they live in (Alcock et al., 2014). At the same time, it is acknowledged that the different types of
environment affect individuals' motivation levels, which can lead to no
significant difference in motivation. It is also seen that individuals with
caring environments have more life satisfaction than individuals with
challenging/harmful environments.
Limitations to the study included
language understanding problems by seniors as they understand Gujarati, whereas
we speak English or Urdu. Many were illiterate and did not understand what was
written on it. The second limitation was that participants in this study had
very high self-motivation and life satisfaction scores at the beginning of the
study. This can pose a ceiling effect. This means that changes in life
satisfaction were not detected because these participants' scores were very
high at the beginning of the study. This can be due to their daily routine in
the senior citizen program, where they gather every day and exercise and enjoy
their life with good meals along with good friendship between them.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, this study reinforces the tangible benefits of
motivational videos for senior citizens. While acknowledging its limitations,
this research contributes to the broader understanding of how motivation and
positive interventions can enhance the well-being of older adults, offering
insights into addressing mental health challenges and promoting a more
satisfying and fulfilling life during the golden years. Future research
endeavors should address the identified limitations while exploring diverse
strategies to cater to the unique needs of senior citizens and their holistic
well-being. Previous research on this topic has mainly focused on separate
aspects, such as pain and life satisfaction, among older people. Knowledge
about what brings life satisfaction among older people with impaired self-care
capacity is essential, especially for the older people themselves. It is
essential to motivate and give proper care to the elderly, which can bring life
satisfaction and good health. Overall, The study's findings addressed the
established problem formulation and research objectives directly and
convincingly, providing valuable insights into the positive effects of
motivational interventions on the well-being of the senior population.
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