Corresponding Author: Heru Drajat Sulistyo

INTRODUCTION

In the midst of globalization and global competition, the Indonesian people must have the ability to survive and have the ability to be self-sufficient in food. Especially considering Indonesia's current population growth is getting higher. This causes the basic needs of the community to continue to increase. Basic needs ranging from shelter, food, are things that are of concern to the government. Needs related to residential houses, a decent place to live result in the growth of residential house construction is increasing. Many lands that were originally productive in producing food are converted into residential houses. This of course leads to the depletion of food production land produced, the cause starts in the region and then spreads its impact to the city. The government's main concern about population growth needs to be increased. This is as explained in the theory of population growth presented by Robert Malthus, that population growth is like a measuring series, and the rate of food growth is like a counting series, which means that the growth rate is faster than the rate of food growth, this results in a long-term impact in the form of a natural resource crisis and will trigger a struggle for food if the population growth rate is not suppressed (Hamdani et al., 2023).

One of the basic human rights that needs to be fulfilled in community life is related to food needs. Food is part of basic needs, non-negotiable human living standards. It is a thing that every human being needs it. Therefore, the key to the security and welfare of a community is assessed by how these needs are obtained properly, have good quality, quality, and health. Therefore, in 1996 in The Word Food Summit strengthened about the basic basic needs of humans (Lukman & Kusnandar, 2015). Every individual in society has access to financial and economic resources to meet their needs and preferences towards healthy, reasonably priced, and moderately consumed foods, thus leading to an active and healthy lifestyle This can be explained by four factors that negatively impact food health discussed at the November 1996 World Food Summit in Rome and reported by FAO,ï¿½ These include (Noviana et al., n.d.):

1) Physical food availability,

2) Economic and physical access to food,

3) Utilization of foodstuffs, and

4) The stability of all three indicators.

If you go back to read Number 18 of the 2012 Law on Food explains that food availability must be limited at the individual level. The power in food security in the Act is returned to each individual of society. Because the problem of food needs is a matter of basic and basic needs of every human being. Therefore, the food provided certainly has quality that is in accordance with the standards of legal, religious, and cultural norms of the community, which have nutritional standards and economic standards that can be reached by the community in general. This cannot be managed by each individual, but needs to be managed together, so that food has broad and good equity (Lukman & Kusnandar, 2015). Based on the four elements above, ensuring community food security requires collaboration and efforts from the lowest layers of society, namely households and individuals, other than the government. One of them is by utilizing urban farming in the yard as a substitute and means of providing independent food for the family (Noviana et al., n.d.). This means that active participation from every individual, family, and community is needed to achieve food security. One of them is how each individual in his household utilizes the land owned. This independent use of land will make each individual able to meet their needs well and competitively.

Food is a basic human need that needs to be met at all times. Food is a basic need and plays an important role in the life of a nation. This is based on the idea that the state is a tool of society to achieve prosperity, equal distribution of needs, and a safe and quality life. The first and foremost basic human need is the problem of food needs. Therefore food becomes a factor and indicator in the security and peace of a society and nation. This means that the stability of a society and nation is influenced by these basic and basic needs. If these basic needs cannot be provided properly and of good quality, then the security and stability of people's lives will be disrupted (Noviana et al., n.d.). Society must fulfill its social functions, individuals and basic needs and carry out expected social roles with proper values and norms, as well as maintain its social status in society. Based on this, empowerment activities must be present to improve community welfare, participation and concern from the community. One of the important initiatives in development that seeks to improve community welfare and strengthen economic and food independence is community empowerment (Hermawan & Sulastri, 2023).

Food availability, distribution, and consumption must be considered. The purpose of the food availability factor is to ensure the availability of enough food to meet the needs of everyone in terms of quantity, quality, diversity, and safety. The standards that must be met are part of the way in which the state provides and distributes food properly. Availability and distribution will affect the achievement of food security in the community. Distribution plays an important role in building efficient and successful systems that ensure communities can obtain sustainably produced, in the right quantities, and of high quality food at affordable prices. Meanwhile, national food utilization patterns are guided by consumption criteria to meet the provisions of quality, diversity, nutritional content, safety, and halal.

Food security, according to Bustanul Arifin, is a crucial issue in achieving national welfare in the new millennium. According to the explanation of PP number 68 of 2002, local food resources with regional diversity are very important to achieve national food security. Ever since Thomas Malthus warned in 1798 that efforts to increase the food supply would only result in a countless increase in population, the number of humans has increased exponentially. There have been several documented examples of local famines throughout history, some of which sometimes developed into very serious national famines in various countries. (Prabowo, 2010). This gives a message to the state and society that food security owned by the community and nation is the main key in the stability of a country and nation. Because this human need and standard of life is something that cannot be replaced or bargained. This need is a crucial issue that needs to be regulated and considered by a country.

It is said that the population in the world is growing because the number of births is more than the number of deaths. In addition, although the birth rate has been declining relatively slowly, mortality control facilities and health centers have been successfully upgraded over time. In addition, it can be proven that population growth can produce a natural increase by increasing the birth rate. The natural growth of the world itself is a source of expansion, both globally and locally. (Ahyuni,ï¿½ Suasti,ï¿½ & ï¿½Novio,2015). From this, residents are residents in an area and choose to stay in the area for a long period of time or new ones come but choose to stay for a long period of time as well. Population growth itself is influenced by fertility, mortality and migration.ï¿½ The more developed a country is, the more population it will have because of its high life expectancy and stable economic level (Hamdani et al., 2023).

Global population growth leads to an increase in food demand. Progress towards national food security is hampered by a host of problems, not just population growth. The reduction of agricultural land used as industrial and residential land makes it increasingly difficult for Indonesia to become an independent country in the food industry. As seen from the population increase of more than 6 billion people in the 2000s, the world population boom reached its peak after 1960. Of course, this population growth will lead to a number of problems, including food insecurity. According to two American academics, there will be a global food disaster by 2100. Tambunan (2003) stated that expecting Indonesian farmers to give their best performance is difficult considering the shrinking agricultural area in the country. According to Roosita (2002) and Tambunan (2003), Indonesia will experience an average annual growth of 30,000ï¿½50,000 hectares of land converted from agricultural to non-agricultural, and an estimated 12 million people will be smallholders (Prabowo, 2010).

Problems that arise due to population growth in the form of poverty, unemployment, shrinking agricultural land, increasing food needs, and others. Food security itself has aspects in the form of food availability, food access, food absorption, nutritional status and to create food security, an availability subsystem is needed, namely stability and continuity of food supply arrangements, a business distribution subsystem to facilitate food distribution between regions, and a consumption subsystem is education for the community in meeting carbohydrate needs from other than rice. According to Tri Widiyanti, there are nine food security indicators, namely: the ratio of food kiosks to shops, the ratio of poor households to households that have electricity, the ratio of households without access to four-wheeled vehicles, the ratio of children not attending school, and the ratio of poor households to households that have electricity. the ratio of households without access to clean water, the ratio of health workers to households, and the ratio of sanitation facilities. In addition to the availability factor, there are other factors that affect food security. The annual poverty rate is one factor (Hamdani et al., 2023).

One of the districts in East Java Province that benefits from good rice needs is Ngawi Regency. Ngawi Regency is one of the districts that excels in rice cultivation, and because of its high productivity and surplus, it has been named as the National Food Warehouse for National Food Security. In the midst of a prolonged drought, the Central Government in collaboration with the ranks of the TNI and Polri carried out several steps. Among them is the National Food Security movement spearheaded by Vice President Maruf Amin of the Republic of Indonesia. This initiative is carried out in a hybrid manner in more than 300 locations, including in Ngawi Regency in the Sukowiyono Village Rice Field Area, Sub-district. In the southern region with the Regent of Ngawi, Ony Anwar, at the event rice productivity in one year reached 900-920 tons on an area of around 50,000 hectares during the prolonged dry season or El Nino. All of that cannot be separated from the ongoing agricultural independence program, which is environmentally friendly (Ngawi, 2023).

Ngawi Regency is the highest rice producing district nationally. As is known, rice, which is a basic need, will become a problem in the future due to reduced production levels. Ismet stated that a country's economy can become unstable if the amount of food available is less than its demand. The stability of the country may be threatened by a number of social and political crises resulting from the breakdown of food security (Hamdani et al., 2023). Ngawi District has solved the problem of basic needs that are the basis of food security for its people. Therefore, the efforts made by Ngawi Regency have carried out and anticipated shortages in food needs and used Agrarian law policies as a basis for projecting rice food needs in the region so that it can be estimated the amount of rice supply that will be needed in the coming year.

The government itself also issued regulations related to food security and nutrition regulated in government regulation No. 17 of 2015 which guarantees national food security at the individual level which can be seen from the adequacy of food, the amount of food and its quality, safe, various types, evenly distributed and easily accessible as well as food that does not conflict with religion or individual beliefs and cultures in Indonesian society,ï¿½ and can live healthy, active and productive lives. An integrated food economic system consisting of various subsystems is called food security. The three most important food subsystems are distribution, consumption, and availability. These three subsystems must collaborate and interact to achieve food security. These three subsystems work together and come together to achieve food security. Together, these three subsystems form a single entity driven by diverse inputs from the environment, organization, society, and technology (Agustiwi, 2019).

Based on the above background, the success of the Ngawi Regency government in building harmonization of food security in the community can be a concrete example in the implementation of government policies in supporting food independence in the regions, including in Ngawi Regency. This is similar to how the agrarian law policy stipulated through UUPA Number 5 of 1960 concerning the Principles of Agrarian Law is implemented. Establish unity and simplicity in land law, lay the foundation for providing legal certainty regarding land rights for the community as a whole, and lay the foundation for the National Agrarian Law which is a tool for realizing welfare, happiness, and justice for the State. and the people, especially the peasantry within the framework of a just and prosperous society, became the main goal of its formation.

METHOD

Descriptive qualitative research using field research design was used in this study. According to Bogdan and Taylor, the qualitative research process produces descriptive data in the form of written data or comments and the behavior of audible individuals (Abdussamad & Sik, 2021). In addition, Creswell outlines the steps involved in qualitative research, including formulating questions and following provisions, collecting relevant data, collecting necessary data, evaluating them inductively, starting from narrow themes and progressing to broader themes and outlining the meanings that can be found in his data. (Kusumastuti & Khoiron, 2019). Field research is a methodical and meticulous procedure that focuses on everyday life. Direct research uses long-term observation techniques. To generate knowledge about a social phenomenon, one must deliberately engage in field experiences at different periods and actively interact with specific individuals or groups of people (Ruane et al., 2021).

This research will review the issue of food security harmony: A study of the basis of Agrarian Law in supporting food independence in Ngawi District. Researchers will review the discussion of case studies on food security policies implemented by the local government of Ngawi Regency. How is the local government's policy in implementing agrarian law policies in building food security in Ngawi district. Triangulation techniques will be used in research to guarantee the validity of the data obtained. Researchers use this technique to gain a thorough understanding of the phenomenon they are studying, which allows for the acquisition of a high degree of truth when examining the phenomenon from multiple angles. Photographing the same event from several angles will enable reliable truth acquisition. Triangulation is further an effort to minimize bias in data collection and analysis by obtaining information from various sources and using it to verify the accuracy of data or information collected by researchers (Rahardjo, 2010). Therefore, this study will use triangulation of data sources, which includes checking the correctness of certain information using various data collection techniques and sources.

Data analysis is one step in the research methodology used. The stages of Miles and Huberman's analysis will be used by researchers to review the data. This research will use an inductive approach strategy through data analysis. With the inductive method, conclusions are drawn from the evidence and further supported by accepted theories (Sarosa, 2021). The data analysis steps are as follows: First, data reduction is an effort to reduce the amount of raw data by selecting, focusing, simplifying, summarizing, and changing it. The second is to display data, which is an effort to present the collected data in such a way that facilitates inference. The third step is to draw and validate conclusions, which is the act of drawing conclusions from research findings while ensuring that the conclusions are supported by evidence that has been collected and examined.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Review of Government Policy and Agrarian Law Foundation

Land reform and agrarian reform are interchangeable terms and refer to the same agricultural institutional framework, which includes the distribution of land ownership, land control measures, and agricultural labor. The implementation of agrarian reform in Indonesia can be categorized as unsuccessful or incomplete, because it depends on various factors such as the contradictory nature of many regulations governing it, the involvement of various ministries and sectors, then also supported by factors of the emergence of sectoral egos, and differences in policies adopted. Actually since the start of reform, the topic of agrarian reform has become a hot topic, especially with the introduction of the concept of asset reform and access reform under the National Agrarian Reform Program (PPAN) of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's administration in 2007. Unfortunately, program implementation is less clear and plan details fail in transitioning from the discourse level to the practice or implementation level. The policies issued are Presidential Decree Number 34 of 2003 concerning National Policy in the Land Sector, MPR Decree Number IX / MPR / 2001 concerning Agrarian Reform and Natural Resources Management, and PP Number 11 of 2010 concerning Control and Utilization of Abandoned Land. The National Medium-Term Development Plan 2015ï¿½2019 and the National Strategy of the Presidential Staff Office (Stranas KSP) both contain this policy (Alvian & Mujiburohman, 2022).

Through the implementation of two programs, namely asset reform and access reform, agrarian reform aims to improve the welfare of the poor. Asset reform is implemented together with the state to increase land ownership rights over land controlled by communities and offer land to those in need. Access reform, on the other hand, refers to the presence of the state among recipients of asset reform, allowing them to utilize their land to improve their welfare by gaining access to infrastructure, funding, processing, post-production, marketing, and distribution (Waryanta, 2016). The state has the duty and goal to build the prosperity of its people, this is strengthened by the Decree of the People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia Number IX / MPR / 2001 concerning Natural Resources Management and Agrarian Reform. Presidential Decree 86 of 2018 or also known as Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 86 of 2018 concerning Agrarian Reform was issued to carry out the mandate. For this it requires the implementation of asset reform, or asset management, and access reform, or access management. The Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning / National Land Agency has the task of carrying out government affairs in the field of agrarian / land and spatial planning. Presidential Regulation Number 47 of 2020 concerning the Ministry of Agrarian and Spatial Planning and Presidential Regulation Number 48 of 2020 concerning the National Land Agency support its implementation (Nasional, 2023).

To provide clarity and protection, this MPR Decree uses the phrase "agrarian reform" which is interpreted as an ongoing process related to the realignment of control, ownership, use, and exploitation of agrarian resources. According to Arba, H.M., that (Arisaputra, 2015) In accordance with the provisions of Articles 3 and 4, agrarian reform and natural / agrarian resource management include the management of natural resources contained on land, sea, and space in an efficient, fair, sustainable, and environmentally friendly manner (Article 3). For the greatest prosperity of the people, the state controls the management of natural resources and agriculture (Article 4).

According to Article 5 of MPR Decree Number IX / MPR / 2001, the main principle of agrarian reform is natural resource management and agrarian reform must be implemented in accordance with this principle (Wibowo et al., 2022):

1. Uphold and maintain the integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia;

2. Observe and protect human rights

3. Respect the primacy of the law and still provide diversity in the unity of the legal system.

Since soil is the basic foundation of life support systems, it plays an important role in addressing food security issues through agrarian law and land policy. Agricultural resources are scarce, therefore principle-based policies are needed to make the most of them;

1. Respect human rights, because everyone has the economic right to access agricultural resources.

2. Unification of laws that allow for pluralism, or plurality of local laws.

3. Fairness in the management and application of agricultural resources, including gender justice, internal and intergenerational justice, and recognition of the legal ownership of agricultural resources that make up the land on which indigenous peoples live.

4. The rights of a person require social obligations because they are limited by the rights of others and society in general. This is the social and ecological role of soil and other agricultural resources.

5. Settlement of landing conflicts.

6. Assign to regions in connection with the distribution and administration of agricultural resources

7. Transparency and participation in rights policymaking.

8. Changes in the use, ownership, and management of agricultural resources.

9. Production efforts in the agrarian field.

10. Financing of agrarian programs.

Realizing this, BPN has the task of carrying out government duties in the land sector at the national, regional, and sectoral levels. This is in accordance with Article 27 Paragraph 2, Article 28, and Article 33 Paragraph 3 of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945. In addition, the institution carries out the main duties and functions of BPN in accordance with Presidential Regulation Number 10 of 2006 Article 2 (Juliani & Adiyanta, 2017).

Agrarian law reform must adhere to fundamental principles in order to stay on track and not deviate from common goals. These principles include social functions that prioritize the interests of the community, the function of land spatial planning as a support for life as part of spatial planning, environmental functions to respect the rights imposed on land, the principles of equality and justice, and the use of community rights. participatory, multi-sectoral, and multi-party processes. The above mentioned goals can be achieved by sticking to the values espoused by UUPA as its political foundation in 1960. Unification of agrarian law, abolition of state declarations, social role of land rights, acceptance of national agrarian law based on customs, and recognition of customary rights, equal rights of Indonesian citizens, regulation of legal relations between Indonesian people and land, water, and space and the natural resources they contain, as well as the principle of rationality are among these principles. It is clear from the above goals that the government seeks to achieve things that benefit society as a whole. Every accessible resource should be considered when creating policies because the chosen policy will generate actions to achieve specific goals and is closely related to the environment's ability to sustain them. To achieve the specified objectives, policy decisions must consider the advantages and disadvantages of available resources (Isnaeni, 2017).

To ensure sustainable natural resource management, protection of community rights, legal certainty for landowners, and alignment with sustainable development, the legal framework governing forestry and agriculture in Indonesia plays an important role. All natural resources, including land, are under the jurisdiction of the laws of the country. In Indonesia, a dual land management system has evolved over the past 20 years, with the Ministry of Forestry (MoF) overseeing 61% of state land and (BPN) controlling about 39% of land. This relates to land use disputes that occur in forest areas and their effects on the security of food supply. This confirms Indonesia's position as an agrarian country that realizes the importance of maintaining and utilizing natural resources for the benefit of society and the environment (Sukarman, 2015).

Food Self-Reliance in Ngawi District

The implementation of agrarian reform policies in Indonesia is one of the important characteristics of an agrarian state because these efforts reflect the government's commitment to improve social justice, reduce inequality in land ownership and tenure, and improve the welfare of farmers and rural communities. These measures aim to achieve sustainable agricultural development, favor farmers, and reduce possible agrarian conflicts (Mawaddah et al., 2021). The state land redistribution program has been implemented in several regions, such as in Ngawi Regency, East Java. The goal of the program is to end the vast and unfair ownership of land and make it a fairer apportion. With regulations, legal protection, agrarian legal framework, and implementation of agrarian reform, Indonesia fulfills the characteristics of an agrarian state related to land ownership. However, there are still challenges and problems that need to be overcome in the land sector in Indonesia.

In comparison, East Java Province is geographically smaller than other provinces in Indonesia such as Papua, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. Because East Java has more modern agricultural technology and relatively superior natural resource potential, the province has a significant advantage in the agricultural sector and can make a significant contribution to the supply of national agricultural products. Because of its great contribution to food production, East Java Province is used as a national food granary. Ngawi Regency, one of the rice granaries in East Java, has a harvest area of 122,923 ha and produced 738,304 tons of rice annually in 2014, according to East Java Province's 2015 agricultural indicators. Ngawi Regency produces various agricultural products other than rice, including corn, peanuts, soybeans, and other commodities. There are three harvest seasons in Ngawi Regency which of course have a significant impact on the availability and consumption of food for farmer households. Due to the high level of rice production, Ngawi Regency is able to meet the food needs of its population (food self-sufficiency) and benefit from excess rice production. Because almost the entire area of Bringin District is located in the Kendeng limestone mountain area, in certain areas there is only one rice harvest a year. The majority of these areas or villages are located in Bringin District. Farmers in limestone mountain areas only plant rice in the rainy season because the terrain tends to be dry and water is scarce. One of the settlements in Bringin District located in the Kendeng limestone mountain area is Kenongorejo Village (Pratiwi et al., 2016).

Furthermore, Sambiroto Village is one of the agricultural villages that has very abundant natural resource potential. If the villagers are well aware that the agricultural sector can be used as their future capital, then Sambiroto Village actually has considerable potential as a rice producer, and is quite promising when viewed from the potential of its natural resources. However, there are many obstacles, including lack of human resources, lack of capital, lack of awareness on the part of the community that land can be used as the main source of livelihood, lack of growth in the entrepreneurial sector, and poor performance of farmer groups. Village peasant organizations are considered one of the sources of assistance for obtaining various agricultural knowledge. Therefore, to improve food security, communities must be empowered. In order to improve the standard of living, welfare, and economic growth of the community, empowerment is considered very important. Counseling is a method used in Sambiroto Village to encourage empowerment. To carry out counseling, knowledge is provided about new technologies, plant cultivation techniques, and the correct use of pesticides (Dekasari, 2016).

Having become one of the regions with the highest national rice productivity, the Ngawi Regency Government remains dedicated to advancing agriculture in the area. Through the opening of community food barns and facilities, they hope to overcome problems often faced by farmers, such as lack of fertilizer, availability of seeds, and rice production. This means fully supporting the Ngawi Regency government program. Ony Regent Anwar Harsono opened the Ngawi food barn to address the problems faced by Ngawi farmers and encourage food security in Ngawi District. BRI Branch Leaders Ngawi Soni, Gerih, Karangjati, Kasreman, and Mantingan sub-districts, as well as Head of the Food Security and Agriculture Office Supardi supported the action. The dedication of the Food Security and Agriculture Office in advancing agriculture in Ngawi Regency, one of which succeeded in strengthening national food security, was highly appreciated by the Regent of Ngawi. Ony Anwar believes farmers will be more prosperous with the existence of food barns (Setiyawan, 2023).

The Impact of Government Policy and Agrarian Law Foundation on Food Self-Sufficiency in Ngawi District

Indonesia is known as an agrarian country which means that the agricultural sector has an important and crucial role in the economy and social structure of this country. The concept of "agrarian state" refers to a country where most of the population is involved in the agricultural sector and agriculture being the main sector in the economy. Based on this definition, Indonesia meets the definition of an agrarian country because the agricultural sector has an important role in the country's economy and social structure. In addition, Indonesia has a fairly large land area and most of its population lives in rural areas where the majority of livelihoods are in the agricultural sector. In the 1960s, Indonesia adopted an agricultural policy known as the "Green Revolution" aimed at increasing food production and reducing dependence on imports. Since then, agriculture has become an important sector in the Indonesian economy (Rachman, 2017).

One of the characteristics of Indonesia as an agrarian country is because this country has a legal framework that regulates agrarian and forestry. This legal framework covers a wide range of laws, regulations, and policies relating to the management, control, and utilization of land and forest resources in Indonesia. Some of the reasons why this is an important feature of Indonesia's agrarian state are as follows (Qatrunnada et al., 2023):

1. Land Use Regulation: The legal framework governing agrarian land ensures that land use is regulated fairly and efficiently. Land laws, such as the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA), regulate the ownership, utilization, and protection of land rights for the people of Indonesia. This is important to prevent overlapping land tenure and agrarian conflicts between various parties.

2. Legal Certainty: The agrarian legal framework provides legal certainty for communities in accessing, managing, and owning land. With clear and structured laws in place, farmers, indigenous peoples, and other landowners can feel safe and secure in their land ownership and use rights.

3. Forestry Management: In addition to regulating agrarian affairs, Indonesia's legal framework also includes forestry-related regulations and policies. The Forestry Law provides a legal basis for forest management, natural resource conservation, and forest ecosystem protection. This is important to maintain the sustainability of forest resources and their biodiversity.

4. Alignment with Sustainable Development: Indonesia's agrarian and forestry legal framework also seeks to adapt to the concept of sustainable development. This includes environmental protection, climate change mitigation efforts, and the adoption of sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural and forestry practices.

5. Investment and Partnerships: Having a clear and reliable legal framework in the agrarian and forestry sectors is also important to attract investment and build partnerships with the private sector. Investors and other stakeholders will feel more confident to make investments or partnerships if there are legal provisions that can provide certainty in the management of land and forest resources.

Even though the law has been passed and the implementation of land reform has been attached, it still experiences ups and downs and obstacles, the ups and downs have occurred in several periods including the following (Salfutra, 2019):

1. The era of President Soekarno and the Suharto era where the UUPA had ups and downs and uncertain in the direction in which this law would be implemented

2. The era of President Habibi this law became swayed and did not provide clarity

3. The era of President Gusdur UUPA has increased and strengthened and this law has run as desired by the government and the community itself

4. The era of President Megawati UUPA was almost replaced by the Agrarian Resources Bill

5. The era of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono UUPA was maintained even though it was not consistently implemented and implemented.

6. The era of President Joko Widodo UUPA was implemented through an agrarian reform program which emerged amid the siege of other deviant legislation products.

So the essence of agrarian reform is land reform which in the sense of redistribution is about ownership and control over land. However, in its implementation, this land reform has many challenges, this is caused by several factors, including the following: (Suandra, 1991):

1. With the political will of the government itself, land reform requires strong political support from the government. Without high political commitment and will, the implementation of landreform policies can be hampered or not run smoothly. Political factors, including powerful economic and political interests, can be a barrier to the success of land reform.

2. Quite solid and compact agricultural organization, Another challenge in the implementation of land reform is the involvement of solid and compact agricultural organizations. These organizations have an important role in representing the interests of farmers and rural communities and fighting for their rights regarding land. However, sometimes the lack of unity and solidarity in agricultural organizations can hinder the process of implementing land reform.

3. Complete data, Collection and availability of complete and accurate data related to land ownership and tenure is a key factor in the implementation of land reform. Incomplete or inaccurate data can make it difficult to identify areas and subjects entitled to benefit from landreform. Therefore, there is a need to invest in good data collection to support the implementation of effective land reform.

4. Landreform often requires significant budgets to carry out land acquisition, redistribution, compensation, and improvement of agricultural infrastructure. Challenges in achieving an adequate budget can cause limitations in the implementation of land reform and have an impact on its success. In addition to the above challenges, land reform can also be faced with resistance from those who have dominant economic and political interests in the agrarian system. It is possible that changes in agrarian structures could threaten their interests, so they could hinder or hinder the implementation of land reform.

The government manages food through Law Number 18 of 2012 concerning food. Food management involves coordinated and integrated community involvement in order to ensure the fulfillment of food consumption and nutrition economically, as well as food security. Is an implementation, supervision, and planning activity. The province that probably supplies the most rice to Indonesia is East Java Province. In addition to Tuban Regency, Ngawi was also the destination of the Ministry of Agriculture's "East Java Harvest Media Visit" program which took place in November 2016. Most of the people in Ngawi Regency themselves, including in Sambiroto Village, work as farmers. The majority of residents in Sambiroto Village work as farmers because the village has a lot of agricultural land. Even so, the welfare of farmers in this village is allegedly still not prosperous. The welfare of farmers is closely related to the problem of abundant rice supply in the market, or the sharp decline in grain prices that occur during the harvest season. This problem is still a classic puzzle in the agricultural industry (Dekasari, 2016).

The impact of policies related to food security, supported by the government through agrarian law regulations, encourages regions and regions such as Ngawi Regency to improve food security. In Ngawi Regency itself related to farmer empowerment, there are driving and inhibiting factors to improve food security in Ngawi Regency, one of which is in Sambiroto Village, Padas District. A number of elements, among others, greatly influenced the support of the agricultural community in Sambirto Village for the implementation of this food security initiative (Dekasari, 2016):

1. Motivation Element The people of Sambiroto Village benefit a lot from the various supports provided by the Ngawi Agriculture Office and TMMD (TNI Manunggal Developing Village) in improving the quality of farmers' products. In addition, the counseling carried out also provides many benefits, including information, expertise, and various forms of support that can help the farmers themselves in their farming business. One of the things that can help the growth of agriculture, even in Sambiroto Village, is the presence of farmer empowerment programs. Farmers who participate in empowerment programs gain better knowledge and skills, thereby increasing agricultural yields and enabling farmers to offer food security. Farmers can operate their farms more easily with the help of various government initiatives, such as free seeds and pesticides. In addition, it also helps farmers achieve the best results which ultimately improve food security in Sambiroto Village, Padas District, Ngawi Regency.

2. Limiting elements in addition to driving factors, there are a number of obstacles that interfere with empowering farmers to improve food security. One of the obstacles is that there are still many human resources in Sambiroto Village who do not know how to plant and care for plants properly. Another thing that prevents some farmers in Sambiroto Village from increasing their agricultural business is the lack of funding. In addition, weather conditions have a significant impact on the way the agricultural industry is managed. Unpredictable weather will have a direct impact on the quality and productivity of farmers' crops.

The first measure of resilience of an area in Ngawi Regency is food availability. The size of food scarcity or excess in Ngawi District will depend on the output of rice and tubers. To achieve food security, it is necessary to follow the principles contained in article 2 of Law Number 7 of 1996 which states that food development is carried out to meet basic human needs that provide benefits for all people equally and fairly and based on independence. and does not contradict people's beliefs. Food security in Ngawi District has proven to be able to overcome social, health, and economic problems in addition to production-related problems. In other words, Ngawi District has the capacity to produce food but is unable to ensure food security. This means that even if food is available, an area may still be vulnerable to food insecurity.

CONCLUSION

The existence of agrarian law policies greatly affects agricultural productivity and food security in Indonesia. As an agricultural country, Indonesia should use legal tools to support harmonization between natural resource potential and provide direct support in empowerment through regions and regions. Ngawi Regency is one of the successful districts in building food independence and increasing agricultural productivity nationally. On the other hand, Ngawi Regency has the potential to harvest three times a year, then supported by the district government which responds positively. The implementation of this food security program is largely determined by several factors, in addition to being supported by the land reform program, agrarian law policies, both asset reform and access reform. Therefore, internal factors that exist in the Kabupten Ngawi community related to food security include: 1) Driving factors: various extension activities can increase knowledge and skills while increasing output. In addition, farmers can simplify their agricultural operations and get the best results by utilizing various government assistance programs, 2) One of the main obstacles that hinder growth is the lack of skilled labor to plant and care for crops. In addition, meteorological conditions have a significant impact on the production and quality of farmers' crops.

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