Corresponding Author: I Made Dharma Atmaja
E-mail: [email protected]
INTRODUCTION
Entering the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, the
role of technology is very large in supporting communication and information
delivery. The industrial revolution 4.0 in the midst of the influence of
globalization can have both negative and positive effects on society. The
communication process can occur not only at close distances but also at long
distances thanks to internet technology. Competition between countries also has
the potential to occur because everyone wants to be a leading country, able to
compete and develop to be more advanced. This has an impact on every country's
efforts to improve the quality of human resources. In order to realize quality
human resources, it will not be separated from the development of innovation in
education. The quality of the education system is a priority that must be
continuously improved and evaluated. All components of education need to
realize that the use of technology is inevitable, so that the integration of
technology in education becomes a necessity. As part of a single unit in
education, learning is a component that needs to integrate the use of
technology in an effort to create a fun and contemporary learning atmosphere.
The use of technology in learning can be done if every component in education
is more optimized and improved, such as the curriculum, teaching and
educational staff, as well as facilities and infrastructure. The use of
technology in learning is not an absolute guarantee that it can improve student
learning outcomes instantly, but the application of technology can be a
solution to increase student learning motivation.
The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic directly and
indirectly has a positive and negative impact on the world of education. Before
the pandemic, the percentage of technology application in learning was still
very small compared to conventional learning processes. However, during the
pandemic there was a change in new lifestyles, including the learning system
which underwent drastic changes. The learning from home policy set by the
Government has resulted in the use of technology in learning being unavoidable.
Online learning either through laptops or mobile phones has become a daily
routine for educators and students. In the new normal phase of entering
learning in the industrial era 4.0, online learning is no longer an alternative
choice but may become a necessity. There are many digital platforms in the form
of applications and websites that provide online learning media such as Google
Classroom, Edmodo, Schoology, Zenius, Teacher's Room, and so on. Online
learning does not only talk about the process but also about variations in
learning, for example games or games related to certain materials. The use of
games in learning can be a solution to avoid boredom in learning, in addition
to increasing students' motivation and understanding. Mathematical material is
one of the materials that has the potential to be developed in the form of
digital platforms such as Android-based games. The development of Android-based
games can use various applications, both using programming languages
and not. Development of android games without a programming
language can be done through web pages such as quickappninja.com. Through the
quickappninja.com page, users can just use the available templates without
having to input code. In this article, we will present the design of learning
mathematics with Android-based games on triangle material.
METHOD
This research uses
a qualitative approach with the method of library research and simple
development of android games through the quickappninja.com web page. The steps
taken are collecting information sources that have relevance to topics related
to android application development and trying to design android games that can
be used in learning mathematics. Reference sources are obtained online from
electronic books, scientific articles from online journals, and website pages.
The information obtained is then collected and synthesized so that a
description is obtained according to the topic of study related to learning
mathematics with android-based games on triangle material. Furthermore, based
on the selected material, namely triangles, then an android game design was
developed through the quickappninja.com web page. After the game is finished,
then this game will be used in online learning through Google Meet.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
1.
Android Operating System
Android is a modified Linux-based mobile operating system
intended for smartphones or tablets. Android was developed by the Open Handset
Alliance as a consortium of developers supported by Google. Initially, the
Android operating system was developed by the Android company, Inc, which was
founded by Andy Rubin, Chris White, Nick Sears, and Rich Miner. Then Google
acquired the company Android Inc in July 2005, including recruiting its main
founder. In 2005, Android was not so popular, considering that Android was
still in the development stage. Google under the command of Andy Rubin tried to
develop an operating system on mobile devices based on the Linux kernel. Then
this operating system is marketed by Google to handset manufacturers with the
advantage of system availability that can be upgraded. On November 5, 2007, the
first android system was released, followed by the launch of the first mobile
phone using the android operating system, namely the HTC Dream in 2008. At
first, many people thought that the android operating system was a desktop
system because it was developed with a linux kernel base that has various
features and functions. The Android user interface consists of windows, views,
and widgets that can display lists and drop-down lists. An overview of the
Linux kernel-based android operating system is shown in the following figure.
Figure
1. Android Operating System
In recent years, smartphones have been able to change the
system in the mobile web including the android operating system. Improved
utility in web technology-based mobile devices that are more responsive so they
can adapt to different smartphone screen sizes. The Android operating system
consists of several layers such as applications, application frameworks,
libraries, and the Linux kernel. Applications consist of built in applications
such as telephone, contacts, browsers, and other applications. Then there are
special applications whose variations depend on the version and type of
smartphone. Then there are application frameworks such as phone management,
notification management, content management, and other system management. In
the library there are graphics libraries, media libraries, database libraries,
and sensors. Other system management in the Linux kernel are power, files,
drivers, and processors.
Android applications are classified into 4 namely
activities, services, content providers, and broadcast receivers. Activities
are the implementation of the visible user interface, such as selecting the
application to be used, which in the Android system is described as follows.
Figure 2. Activities
In addition to activities in the Android operating
system, there are also services whose use can be accessed in the settings
contained in each smartphone. These settings can be network monitor,
application update, or notification management. This service has a function to
manage a feature on both the smartphone system and applications that can also
run in the background when we use different applications, such as music applications.
In addition, there are content providers, which are content providers with
certain instructions from one application to another. In this case the
instructions are handled by a method of the Content Resolver class, with the
data being stored in a file system or database. This content provider is
displayed as shown in the following image.
Figure
3. Content Provider
The next part of the android system is the broadcast
receiver which is the recipient of messages from an application or system. Through
a broadcast receiver, an application sends messages containing certain
instructions to other applications. This broadcast receiver handles the
communication and appropriate actions through sending and receiving messages as
intent objects.
Figure 4.
Broadcast Receiver
Android applications are used in conjunction with a file
called AndroidManifest.xml which serves as a sheet that provides information
about the interaction of the operating system with the application. The file
consists of class names and event types to provide whether or not certain
applications can access other applications on our smartphones, so that it will
provide security for users. Apart from the applications running in the system
as mentioned above, android also has key features such as interface, applications,
and memory management. In the user interface features, you can perform actions
to give instructions to objects on the screen, such as touch, swipe or zoom. In
the interface, when the smartphone is turned on, a home screen will appear,
which consists of the main navigation, application icons, and wifget.
Application icons have a function in running applications, and widgets function
to display certain content such as email, clock, weather, or news. At the top
of the screen is called the status bar which contains operator network
information, battery, and other information. If the status bar is pulled, you
will see certain application notifications such as messages and device updates.
Notifications on every Android system update are always refined, making it
easier for users to access certain features. The applications available on
Android are very diverse and available on Google Play or now called the Play
Store. In the Playstore, users can download and update applications. Play Store
implements a security system by closely monitoring applications made by third
parties, according to the compatibility of smartphone devices. The available
applications are free and paid, so users have the flexibility to choose which
applications to download. Applications running on the android system can run if
they are supported by a memory management system that is designed to manage RAM
memory so that power consumption can be minimized, considering that smartphone
devices run on battery resources. RAM memory management system will manage
android apps that are not in use automatically suspended or idle in the
background without consuming excessive battery power. When the app is sitting
in the background it will be re-opened it will be easier to access without
opening the app from scratch. This memory management system works automatically
when the memory is low, the system will temporarily disable the application.
2.
Making Android Games via Quickappninja.com
Quickappninja.com is a device in the form of web pages
that can be accessed online to create android games using HTML language. Using
Quickappninja.com is easy because it does not require a programming language.
Making android games through the Quickappninja.com web page is done through the
following steps.
a. Masuk ke halaman quickappninja.com
Figure 5. Home Quickappninja.com
b. Sign Up atau Login menggunakan email (gmail)
Figure 6. Quickappninja.com Login
Display
c. Register for an account if your email has never been
registered before on quickappninja.com
Figure 7. Account Registration
Instructions at quickappninja.com
d. Complete account registration
Figure 8. Account Registration
Display on quickappninja.com
e. Start creating a new game
Figure 9. Front View of Creating a
New Game on quickappninja.com
f. Choose the type of game to be created. For example,
choose type 4 pics 1 word.
Figure 10. Game Category Options on
quickappninja.com
g. Determine the design to be used
Figure 11. Game Design Settings on
quickappninja.com
h. Choose the language used in the game
Figure 12. Language Selection on
quickappninja.com
i.
Uploading
each photo that will be used as game material
Figure 13. Game Content Management
Settings on quickappninja.com
j.
Uploading
photos as game material as follows
Figure 15. Game Design that has been
made on quickappninja.com
k. Making sound settings
Figure 16. Game Sound Settings on
quickappninja.com
l.
Choose
a game icon
Figure 17. Game Icon Settings on
quickappninja.com
m. Setting game settings
Figure 18. Game Settings on quickappninja.com
n. Generate games
Figure 19. Generate Game button on
quickappninja.com
o. The game generation process is in progress and you need
to wait a while and a notification will be sent via the previously registered
email
Figure 20. Generate Game Process on
quickappninja.com
p. If the game generate process is complete, then we can
download and install the finished game or upload it on the play store. Games
that have been installed can then be used as learning media
3.
The Use of Quickappninja-Based Android Games in
Mathematics Learning Through Google Meet
Online learning is an option during the current pandemic.
There are many choices of learning media that can be used, both those based on
the Larning Management System (LMS), Social Media, Messaging Services
(Chatting), and Video Conference. One of the platforms that can be used for
online learning is Google Meet, which is a product made by Google. Google Meet
provides communication system services in the form of video which is an update
to the previous application, namely Google Hangouts, which was discontinued in
October 2019. Google Meet can be displayed on various web-based devices or
smartphones. There are various features in Google Meet that can be used in
learning, especially mathematics. Google Meet can replace the conventional form
of class into an interactive virtual class. The use of quickappninja-based
android games in learning mathematics through google meet is carried out
through the following stages.
a. Preparing pre-made android games
b. Opening the Google Meet application on Mobile
Figure 21. Google Meet Menu and Icon
Display
c. Select the New Meeting menu
Figure 22. Google Meet Initial
Screen
d. Share the link meeting address to students
Figure 23. Google Meet link notification
e. After all students join the google meet later, the
teacher greets and asks students to make attendance on the chat menu and the
teacher shows a share screen
Figure 24. Menu options in Google
Meet
f. Carry out the stages of learning according to the
learning plan. In the following mathematics lesson, an example of triangle
material will be used
1) The teacher conveys the learning objectives, namely
solving contextual problems related to area and perimeter
Figure
25. Share Screen Learning Objectives Display
2) The
teacher delivers a concept map
Figure
26. Concept Map Share Screen Display
3) The
teacher shows several flat shapes that exist in the surrounding environment
Figure
27. Share Screen Display of Flat Shapes
4) The
teacher asks one of the students to name the flat shape according to the object
displayed
5) The
teacher conveys the material on the types of triangles, and asks students to
give answers according to the display on the slide
Figure
28. Share Screen Display Types of triangles
6) The
teacher continues the material on the types of triangles by showing the 4P1P
android game (4 pictures that represent 1 word)
Figure
29. Display of Triangle Type Game Share Screen
7) Siswa
menjawab setiap level game yang ditayangkan
Level 1
Figure
30. Share Screen Game Level 1 display
Level 2
Figure
31. Share Screen Game Level 2 display
Level 3
Figure
32. Share Screen Game Level 3 display
Level 4
Figure
33. Share Screen Game Level 4 display
Level 5
Figure
34. Share Screen Game Level 5 display
Level 6
Figure
35. Share Screen Game Level 6 display
Level 7
Figure
36. Share Screen Game Level 7 display
8) The
teacher invites students to correct their respective answers
Level 1 Answers
Figure
37. Share Screen Display of Level 1 Game Answers
Level 2 Answers
Figure
38. Share Screen Display of Level 2 Game Answers
Level 3 Answers
Figure
39. Share Screen Display of Level 3 Game Answers
Level 4 Answers
Figure
40. Share Screen Display of Level 4 Game Answers
Level 5 Answers
Figure
41. Share Screen of Level 5 Game Answers
Level 6 Answers
Figure
42. Share Screen Display of Level 6 Game Answers
Level 7 Answers
Figure
43. Share Screen Display of Level 7 Game Answers
9) The
teacher invites students to conclude the material
10) The
teacher sends the android game Apk file to be installed on their respective
cellphones
11) The
teacher directs students to study independently at home by returning to playing
android games to better understand the material on the types of triangles
CONCLUSION
Android games that are broadcast by teachers
through share screens on Google Meet, are media that help online learning
become more interesting. In making android games through Quickappninja,
teachers will be more flexible in developing games according to their needs and
subject matter. Apart from being delivered classically through Google Meet,
this Android game can also be used independently for students as a medium of
learning at home, as well as repetition of material for students so that they
can better understand math subject matter.
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the authors. Submitted for possible open access publication under the terms
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Received:
01-06-2022�������������������� ��������������� Accepted: 07-06-2022���������������������� ��������������� Published: 17-06-2022������ 