ANALISIS PSIKOLOGIS KONDISI SISWA TAMAN KANAK-KANAK SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH MENEMPATI GEDUNG TK PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN KECAMATAN (PPK) REHABILITASI PASCA GEMPA 2006

Corresponding Author: Davin Aditya Gowianto

INTRODUCTION

The tourism industry is one of the fastest growing industries in recent years. "Tourism is the activity of traveling with the aim of getting pleasure, seeking satisfaction, knowing something, improving health, enjoying sports or rest, fulfilling tasks, making pilgrimages and others" (Spillane, 1987). The tourism industry has also experienced significant development. Based on data quoted from UNWTO (WTO, 2019) due to a strong global economy, technological developments, new business models, affordable travel prices and visa facilities.

International tourist arrivals increased to 5% in 2018 which reached 1.4 billion, and at the same time export revenues generated by tourism increased to reach US$ 1.7 trillion. In 2018, the European continent had the most international tourist arrivals of 710 million tourists. Then, followed by Asia and the Pacific with 348 million tourists, then the Americas with 216 million tourists, the African continent with 67 million tourists, and the Middle East with 60 million tourists. In 2018 also the increase in tourism in Asia and the Pacific developed significantly (WTO, 2019). With the advancement of the tourism industry in the world, Indonesian tourism has also experienced significant development. Based on data from BPS (Central Statistics Agency) the growth of foreign tourist arrivals to Indonesia in the last five years from 2014-2018 has reached 14%. This percentage is higher than the average growth for the 2009-2013 period which only reached 9%. In 2018, the number of foreign tourist visits to Indonesia reached 15.81 million, growing about 2.5 times compared to 2009. According to BPS Also in (2015). Indonesia's Tourism Sector Contributes 4% of the total economy. the impact of tourism on the National GDP in 2008 was IDR 153.25 trillion (3.09%) and continued to increase in 2010 amounting to 261.1 trillion (4.1%) of the National GDP. There are several areas in Indonesia that have tourism potential but are still not fully developed (Widowati, 2019).

One of the districts in South Sulawesi is Gowa Regency. Most of the area of Gowa Regency is a highland area of 80.17% and a lowland area of 19.83%. In Gowa Regency, there is one village that is famous as a tourism destination, namely Malino Village. Malino is a village located in Tinggimoncong District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi. This village has various national natural attractions which are visited by many tourists. Nature tourism is one of the objects related to recreation and tourism that utilizes the potential of natural resources and their ecosystems, both in their original (natural) form and a combination of man-made ones. One of the most famous tours in Malino is the Malino Pine Forest. This pine forest tour is located in a hilly area so the air is very cool. There are also various tourist activities in the Malino Pine Forest such as horse riding, skybike, flying fox, and so on. The Malino Pine Forest is also used as a camping ground for certain communities.

The COVID-19 pandemic was discovered in Wuhan, Republic of China on December 31, 2019 by WHO. In early January 2020, 41 patients were confirmed to have been infected by COVID-19 at a hospital located in China. Although this virus is spreading very fast in the Wuhan area. Global air transport has carried the virus around the world and by mid-March, the virus had spread to 146 countries. Due to international, regional and local restrictions that have a rapid impact on the national economy, including the tourism system, a press release 6 March 2020 from UNWTO (2020a) estimates that this pandemic will cause international tourist arrivals to decline by 1-3% (compared to 2019) compared to the estimated 3-4% growth. Three weeks later, on March 26, a press release updated this assessment to a 20-30% loss in international arrivals (UNWTO 2020b). This major modification suggests that there are current projection difficulties, so all estimates of the eventual consequences for tourism should be interpreted with extreme caution. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, tourist visits in South Sulawesi, including the Malino Pine Forest, have decreased. From BPS data, the use of air transportation during this pandemic has decreased drastically. Even on a year-on-year basis there was a decrease of 65.54 percent from July 2019.

The number of air transportation users in July 2020 only reached 326,900 people. Meanwhile, in July 2019, air transportation at Makassar Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport reached 948,600 people. Passengers from foreign tourists also experienced a very deep decline of up to 0 visits. There were no visits in April, June, and July in 2020. The development of the South Sulawesi (South Sulawesi) tourism sector had not made significant progress until October 2020.

METHOD

This study uses 3 methods, namely semi-structured interviews, literature study and documentation. The sources of primary and secondary data are interviews with informants along with data on the number of tourists and also the income they get. This study uses 5 concepts and theories, namely tourism, socio-economic and environmental impacts, pandemics, resilience, resilience and tourism. The data will be analyzed using the SWOT analysis technique. The key informants in this study were the Malino Pine Forest Management, with the Head of the Tourism Destinations Division and also the Malino Pine Forest staff.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

1. Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts during the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Tourist Attraction of the Malino Pine Forest

Prior to 2017, the Malino Pine Forest had not received assistance from the local government. So that the existing facilities are not complete or adequate for tourists. In 2017, there was assistance from the central government through the physical DAK or Special Allocation Fund. The existing facilities due to these funds are:

a. Good standard bathroom

b. There are 12 gazebos inside the Malino Pine Forest.

c. Pedestrian Lane in the Malino Pine Forest.

d. A gate placed on the border where tourists enter Malino City.

e. There are also 120 garden lights that are used at night.

Meanwhile, the Gowa Regency Government provides assistance through coaching. The Tourism Office has proposed to provide facilities and infrastructure for the Malino Pine Forest, but in the proposal it is known that there is a Gowa Regency planning system in Bappeda (Regional Development Planning, Research and Development Agency) with a priority scale. In the Department of Tourism there are 5 Sections. These sections provide suggestions such as programs and activities. They are also given a budget limit for the programs and activities that will be proposed. So that the proposals given must be re-selected. Therefore, the manager of the Pinus Malino Forest took the initiative to cover the deficiencies in the Pinus Malino Forest.

The source of funds used to cover the lack of facilities and infrastructure for the Pinus Malino Forest is part of the levy collected. Some of the retribution is entered into the Regional Government as a source of PAD (Regional Original Income). For tourism attractions in the Malino Pine Forest, the main thing is the horse attraction, the second is the flying fox and also the flying bike, the third is the flower garden in the Malino Pine Forest, because Malino has the nickname the city of flowers. The Malino Pine Forest Management partners with local residents in Malino City, one of which is a horse tourism attraction. the manager only facilitates them so that the Malino Pine Forest has tourist attractions that can attract the attention of tourists as well as local residents who have horses to generate income from these tourism activities. There are also campsites that are open to the public that can be used by various groups.

For the horses, they are the responsibility of the local people. So that the horses are cleaned and also cared for by local residents. Security is also very tight in the Malino Pine Forest During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Malino Pine Forest underwent significant changes. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Malino Pine Forest was closed for 6 months. All tourism destinations to accommodations such as restaurants in Gowa Regency experienced a total closure. After August all attractions are open but only 50% open.

Total tourist arrivals in 2016 only contained information for domestic tourists. The month most visited by domestic tourists is in August. Where the number of domestic tourists who visited was 3,000 tourists and the month that was least visited by tourists was March which only amounted to 400 tourists. The number of domestic tourists in 2016 was 11,100. in 2016 it can be seen that the total tourist visits to the Malino Pine Forest amounted to 11,100 tourists. In 2017, the month most visited by domestic tourists was in July. Where the number of domestic tourists who visited was 12,450 tourists and the month that was least visited by tourists was December which only amounted to 400 tourists. The number of domestic tourists in 2017 was 23,910. so the total number of domestic tourists visiting the Malino Pine Forest in 2017 was 23,910 tourists. Tourist visits in 2017 experienced a significant increase of 15.4.

In 2018, the month most visited by domestic tourists was in July which was the same as in 2017. Where the number of domestic tourists who visited was 12,550 tourists and the month that was least visited by tourists was December which only amounted to 400 tourists. The number of domestic tourists in 2018 was 22,723. from the data obtained, it can be seen that the total tourist visits to the Malino Pine Forest in 2018 amounted to 22,723 tourists.

Tourist visits in 2018 experienced a significant increase of 4.96%. From the last 3 years, the maximum number of tourist visits was in July and the minimum number of visits was in December. The total number of visits from 2016 to 2018 was 55,333 tourists. that the total tourist arrivals in 2019 decreased compared to the total tourist visits in 2018. The month most visited by foreign tourists and domestic tourists is in July. Where the number of domestic tourists who visit is 71,045 and the number of foreign tourists who visit is 641. Most of the female tourists have a large number, from the archipelago and abroad compared to male tourists.

The number of domestic tourists in 2019 was 102,652 and the number of foreign tourists was 1,518. the number of domestic tourists increased by 351.7 % compared to the total number of domestic tourists in 2018. The number of tourist visits in 2019 was 104,170, the total tourist arrivals in 2020 decreased drastically compared to the total tourist visits in 2019 due to the COVID-19 pandemic . The month most visited by foreign tourists and domestic tourists is in January. Where the number of domestic tourists who visit is 3,005 and the number of foreign tourists who visit is 101. It can also be seen that April, May, and June are the months when the Malino Pine Forest is closed to prevent the spread of COVID-19. which is large, from the archipelago and abroad compared to tourists who are male. The number of domestic tourists in 2020 was 8,140 and the number of foreign tourists was 101. the number of domestic tourists decreased by 91.9% compared to the total number of domestic tourists in 2019 and also the number of foreign tourists decreased by 93.3%.

The total number of tourist visits in 2020 is 8,241 tourists. From the table above, it can be seen that income from the last 5 years has increased and decreased. In 2016 the Malino Pine Forest had an income of IDR 27,300,000. with a target money of Rp. 25,000,000, then the income generated has reached the target. In 2017 the income of the Pinus Malino Forest increased by a percentage of 30.5% which had an income of Rp. 39,300,000. This income reached the target of IDR 25,000,000 in 2017. In 2018 the Malino Pine Forest increased by 18.5% with an income of IDR 48,219,000. This income also reached the target of IDR 40,000,000 in 2018. In 2019, the Malino Pine Forest also experienced an increase of 29.3% with an income of IDR 68,250,000, the income earned reached the target of IDR 40,000,000. in 2019. However, in 2020, the Malino Pine Forest experienced a decline with a percentage of 44.14% with an income of IDR 38,118,000. the income obtained did not reach the target amounting to Rp. 50,000,000. This decline occurred due to the COVID-19 pandemic in mid-2020 so that the income generated did not reach the target. from the last 5 years, Hutan Pinus Malino has an income of IDR 221,187,000. with a total target of Rp. 180,000,000. So it can be seen that the Malino Pine Forest has reached its target in the last 4 years except in 2020.

2. The resilience of the Malino Pine Forest to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic

The work pattern of the Malino Pine Forest is divided into 4 parts, namely the PERDA (Regional Regulation) of the Regent of Gowa Regency no. 2 of 2020 and dissemination of understanding to SKPD (Regional Work Units) specifically for the Tourism Office about COVID-19. Then the application of health protocols in the Malino Pine Forest and strategies to increase tourist visits. One part of the first Malino Pine Forest resilience work pattern is the socialization of understanding to the SKPD (Regional Work Unit) specifically for the Tourism Office about COVID-19. The purpose of this socialization is to prepare and also provide information to SKPD to deal with COVID-19 and also prevent the spread of the virus because this pandemic affects all existing sectors including the economic sector and also the tourism sector. This socialization also provides information about the right solution in dealing with COVID-19.

All tourism actors ranging from restaurants, accommodation, tourist objects and others were given an appeal from the Regent and included the requirements for the COVID-19 health protocol. The Tourism Office followed up on the Regent's appeal by going to the field to convey these things and checking directly with tourism actors. If there are tourism actors who do not meet the requirements, the Tourism Office is given time to prepare and fix. The government also instructed the Tourism Office to urge all tourism actors to write to the Regent for operational permits related to COVID-19. So that local governments can control the COVID-19 pandemic without harming public health and business actors. In this way, the Malino Pine Forest managers and their employees can find out the impacts and consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. The second is the PERDA (Regional Regulation) of the Regent of Gowa Regency No. 2. Year 2020 regarding the mandatory masks and the application of health protocols in preventing the spread of COVID-19.

In this regulation there are various articles that foster various sectors to establish health protocols and also sanctions if they violate this. In the Malino Pine Forest, article 12 is used, namely the Health Protocol in Public Areas. This article states that the provision of public services applies physical distancing, provides hand washing facilities/hand sanitizers, and attaches queue signs in each public service area. Queue signs are in the form of masking tape and/or adhesive in contrasting colors to the floor or chairs/seats, the queue distance is also per person for a minimum of 1 to 2 people. Every visitor is also required to wear a mask correctly and also obey the health protocols implemented by the local government. Managers must also provide adequate and easily accessible hand washing facilities with soap and are also required to carry out cleaning using cleaning fluids by means of wiping or spraying regularly at least once a week at locations and public service facilities they manage. The third is the application of health protocols in the Malino Pine Forest.

When managers and employees in the Malino Pine Forest receive socialization about the COVID-19 Pandemic and also know the existing regulations, the Malino Pine Forest manager and also the Tourism Office can apply health protocols in accordance with the Gowa Regency Regional Regulation No. 2 of 2020. In the health protocols that exist in the Malino Pine Forest are the use of masks for tourists and managers and existing employees, hand washing places and also soap for tourists to clean viruses that can cause COVID-19, installation of speaker boards, banners advising visitors to the Pinus Malino forest to wear masks, wash hands, avoid crowds where visitors can only enter in small groups. This health protocol is used so that managers can maintain the health and safety of tourists visiting the Malino Pine Forest without experiencing strong fear. The third is the application of health protocols in the Malino Pine Forest. When managers and employees in the Malino Pine Forest receive socialization about the COVID-19 Pandemic and also know the existing regulations, the Malino Pine Forest manager and also the Tourism Office can apply health protocols in accordance with the Gowa Regency Regional Regulation No. 2 of 2020. In the health protocols that exist in the Malino Pine Forest are the use of masks for tourists and managers and existing employees, hand washing places and also soap for tourists to clean viruses that can cause COVID-19, installation of speaker boards, banners advising visitors to the Pinus Malino forest to wear masks, wash hands, avoid crowds where visitors can only enter in small groups.

This health protocol is used so that managers can maintain the health and safety of tourists visiting the Malino Pine Forest without experiencing strong fear. The last is a strategy to increase tourist visits. For the strategy used in the Malino Pine Forest there are 2 strategies, namely the strategy that uses SWOT analysis and also the Marketing Strategy used by managers to attract the attention of tourists in the SWOT strategy there are 4 strategies, namely the SO (Strength-Opportunities) Strategy, Strategy WO (Weakness-Opportunities), Strategy ST (Strength-Threats), Strategy WT (Weakness-Threats). In these four cases, the health protocols and strategies in the Malino Pine Forest, socialization and also the Gowa Regent's PERDA help the resilience of Malino Pine Forest tourism to the COVID-19 pandemic. The health protocols in the Malino Pine Forest provide tourists with a direction and also protect them from the COVID-19 pandemic while also avoiding the disturbances that exist when they visit these tourist attractions. For the socialization that was carried out, it provided quite important information regarding COVID-19 and also for the PERDA, the Regent of Gowa gave the Malino Pine Forest a preparation to apply the correct health protocol and it is also important for managers and tourists visiting the Malino Pine Forest.

CONCLUSION

The Malino Pine Forest is one of the famous tourism destinations in South Sulawesi. This tourism destination is located in the Malino Nature Tourism Park. This forest is located in Malino Village, Tinggimoncong District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi. The Malino area is also known as the Malino Mountains, the Malino Pine Forest as well as various rides and facilities for tourists such as flower tours, flying fox game areas, outbound, horse riding activities and also several spots for photos in the flower garden. The Malino pine forest also provides a campsite. The condition of the Malino Pine Forest during the COVID-19 pandemic was closed for 6 months from 18 March to 17 August 2020. During these 6 months the Malino Pine Forest experienced a total closure so that there was no tourist activity in the tourism destination. Managers only come to these tourism destinations to control and see if there are facilities that are damaged or that can harm tourists if the Malino Pine Forest is to be opened again for tourism activities. It is also known that the total tourist arrivals in 2020 decreased drastically compared to the total tourist visits in 2019 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The income of the Malino Pine Forest from the last 5 years has increased and decreased several times. In 2019, the Malino Pine Forest also increased by a percentage of 29.3% with an income of IDR 68,250,000, the income obtained reached the target of IDR 40,000,000 in 2019. However, in 2020, the Malino Pine Forest decreased by a percentage 44.14% with an income of IDR 38,118,000. The income obtained did not reach the target amounting to Rp. 50,000,000. This decline occurred due to the COVID-19 pandemic. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Pinus Malino Forest underwent significant changes. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Malino Pine Forest closed for 6 months. All tourism destinations to accommodations such as restaurants in Gowa Regency experienced a total closure. After August all attractions are open but only 50% open, 50% is the border of tourist visits.

There is also a Regional Regulation (Perda) Regent No. 2 of 2020 which is complete with sanctions and also restrictions on tourism activities and also is socialization of understanding to the SKPD (Regional Work Unit) specifically for the Tourism Office about COVID-19. External and internal. From internal factors, the first advantage of the Pinus Malino Forest is that they have interesting rides to participate in, such as flying fox and horse attractions. The second is the Malino Pine Forest which has a camping site that can be rented by groups to carry out camping activities and also outdoor events. Third, the entrance ticket to the Pinus Malino Forest is at a fairly cheap price, which is Rp. 3,000.00. And the fourth is the Malino Pine Forest involving local communities in tourist attractions. For the drawback, there are some facilities in the Malino Pine Forest that are still inadequate, such as office buildings and ticket booths, so a development is needed on these facilities. And the second is the parking lot which is not well organized so that tourists who bring vehicles will have difficulty parking their vehicles and also removing vehicles from the Malino Pine Forest and the last is in the Malino Pine Forest they do not have rides for children that can attract attention children or families to visit the Malino Pine Forest In external factors, the Malino Pine Forest has both opportunities and threats from outside. For the opportunity, the Malino Pine Forest is located in a famous tourist city in South Sulawesi, namely Malino City.

The second is good accessibility conditions. Then the last one is the Malino Pine Forest, which is one of the most popular tourist destinations for tourists to visit when they are in Malino City. However, there are also threats that the Malino Pine Forest must face. The first is that the COVID-19 pandemic is still in Indonesia. Then the second is that there are other pine forest tourist attractions that have other advantages from the Malino Pine Forest. The third is government regulations in dealing with COVID-19. With existing regulations. For the management strategy in attracting the attention of tourist visits, they are still using the system that was used before the COVID-19 outbreak. First they use existing horses to attract the attention of tourists. Second, they promote the nature in the Malino Pine Forest to attract the attention of the existing tourists. For the Pinus Malino Forest Resilience work pattern, there are two health protocols in the Pinus Malino Forest and their strategy to increase tourist visits. In the health protocol, there is a Regional Regulation of the Regent of Gowa Regency No. 2 of 2020 and also is the socialization of understanding to SKPD (Regional Work Units) specifically for the Tourism Office about COVID-19. And also for the strategy there is a strategy according to the SWOT analysis and also the manager's strategy. Dam also in 2021 the Malino Pine Forest has an increase in tourist visits and also income so that the resilience of the Malino Pine Forest runs smoothly.

Before the pandemic the Malino Pine Forest was one of the most famous tourism destinations in South Sulawesi. However, when the COVID-19 pandemic came to Indonesia in 2020, the number of tourists in the Malino Pine Forest experienced a very drastic decline so there were several protocols that must be followed and also several strategies used to be able to open the Malino Pine Forest and attract tourists' attention for data. to the tourist attraction. For the Malino Pine Forest Manager, a new marketing strategy is needed to attract the attention of tourists. Even though the old strategy used before the pandemic could attract tourists to come to tourism destinations, it may not return the number of tourists before the pandemic. This pandemic condition is also an opportunity that can be used to re-evaluate existing facilities and also create new tourist attractions in the Malino Pine Forest.

For the Regional Government and also the Tourism Office, this pandemic condition is a suitable opportunity to rejuvenate the Malino Pine Forest. The Tourism Office can try to find investment in the Malino Pine Forest from private stakeholders and also involve the community more so that the tourist attraction can develop. The government and the tourism office can also conduct research in the field so that they can help managers create new tourist attractions and also provide sufficient funds for existing facilities in the Malino Pine Forest. For further researchers, it is hoped that they can study more deeply about the Malino Pine Forest strategy in dealing with the impact of COVID-19 and also how the condition of the Malino Pine Forest in the New Normal is to be able to have a theme in conducting further research and also be better prepared to collect and collect data along with data management so that it can be implemented even better.

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