Urgency of Implementing Article 1365 of the Civil Code in Addressing Tortious Conduct in Electronic Transactions in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58344/jws.v3i11.1235Keywords:
article 1365 of the civil code, electronic transactions, tortious conductAbstract
The rapid growth of electronic transactions has introduced new challenges, particularly concerning tortious conduct and the legal framework governing these interactions. In an increasingly digital era, electronic transactions have become a primary medium for commerce and business interactions, yet issues such as fraud and personal data violations have become more prevalent. Article 1365 provides a legal basis for individuals or entities suffering damages to file claims for compensation. This study examines the urgency of implementing Article 1365 of the Civil Code in addressing tortious conduct within electronic transactions in Indonesia. The objective is to analyze the applicability, limitations, and potential reforms needed to adapt Article 1365 to the digital context. A normative legal research method was employed, utilizing a statute and conceptual approach. Data were collected by analyzing legislative texts, legal literature, and case law. Data analysis involved qualitative content analysis to identify gaps and propose solutions. The findings reveal that Article 1365 provides a strong foundation for addressing tortious conduct, but its application in electronic transactions remains ambiguous, particularly regarding evidence collection and the definition of harm. This research introduces a novel perspective by emphasizing the necessity for specific regulations and institutional reforms to enhance legal certainty and address the unique challenges posed by electronic transactions. These recommendations aim to protect consumer rights, ensure fair business practices, and foster trust in Indonesia’s digital economy.
References
Bacior, S. (2023). Austrian Cadastre still in use–Example proceedings to determine the legal status of land property in southern Poland. Land Use Policy, 131, 106740.
Barkatullah, A. H. (2018). Does self-regulation provide legal protection and security to e-commerce consumers? Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 30, 94–101.
Chakraborty, A., Shankar, R., & Marsden, J. R. (2022). An empirical analysis of consumer-unfriendly E-commerce terms of service agreements: Implications for customer satisfaction and business survival. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2022.101151
Dai, Y., Huang, Z., He, W., Khan, N., & Yang, Y. (2024). Emotional dialogue generation model of electronic commerce intelligent customer service based on topic expansion. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2024.109429
Deng, Z., & Wang, Z. (2016). Early-mover advantages at cross-border business-to-business e-commerce portals. Journal of Business Research, 69(12), 6002–6011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.05.015
Djanggih, H., & Salle, S. (2017). Aspek Hukum Pengadaan Tanah bagi Pelaksanaan Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan Umum. Pandecta Research Law Journal, 12(2), 165–172.
Ehwi, R. J., & Mawuli, D. A. (2021). ‘Landguardism’in Ghana: Examining public perceptions about the driving factors. Land Use Policy, 109, 105630.
Gil-Garcia, J. R., Guler, A., Pardo, T. A., & Burke, G. B. (2019). Characterizing the importance of clarity of roles and responsibilities in government inter-organizational collaboration and information sharing initiatives. Government Information Quarterly, 36(4), 101393.
Grüter, C., & Czaczkes, T. J. (2019). Communication in social insects and how it is shaped by individual experience. Animal Behaviour, 151, 207–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.01.027
Hapsari, M. A., & Putri, W. H. (2022). Challenges and Chances of Sustainable Construction in Indonesia: Policy Insights. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1111(1), 12085.
Hardjomuljadi, S. (2017). Peran penilai ahli dalam penanganan kegagalan bangunan dan kegagalan konstruksi (menurut UU No 18 tahun 1999 jo PP 29 tahun 2000). Konstruksia, 6(1).
Lu, Y., Papagiannidis, S., & Alamanos, E. (2018). Internet of Things: A systematic review of the business literature from the user and organisational perspectives. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 136, 285–297.
Lyócsa, Š., & Todorova, N. (2024). What drives the uranium sector risk? The role of attention, economic and geopolitical uncertainty. Energy Economics, 140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2024.107980
Marzuki, P. M., & Sh, M. S. (2021). Pengantar ilmu hukum. Prenada Media.
Milindi, C. B., & Inglesi-Lotz, R. (2023). The relationship between technology and emissions: Evidence from different income level countries and economic sectors. Energy Reports, 10, 2900–2916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.09.094
Natalia, I. C. (2019). TANGGUNG JAWAB HUKUM PENYEDIA JASA KONSTRUKSI ATAS KEGAGALAN BANGUNAN DALAM KONTRAK KERJA KONSTRUKSI. UAJY.
Ogbonnaya, I. N., & Keeney, A. J. (2018). A systematic review of the effectiveness of interagency and cross-system collaborations in the United States to improve child welfare outcomes. Children and Youth Services Review, 94, 225–245.
Park, S. (2019). Why information security law has been ineffective in addressing security vulnerabilities: Evidence from California data breach notifications and relevant court and government records. International Review of Law and Economics, 58, 132–145.
Santoso, A. S., & Erdaka, A. (2015). Customer Loyalty in Collaborative Consumption Model: Empirical Study of CRM for Product-Service System-Based e-Commerce in Indonesia. Procedia Computer Science, 72, 543–551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.12.162
Schneeloch, J., & Eldakadosi, M. (2024). Impact of layout strategy and sector-coupling on the multi-criteria assessment of energy technology concepts for residential buildings. Energy, 133731. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENERGY.2024.133731
Sin, K. Y., Osman, A., Salahuddin, S. N., Abdullah, S., Lim, Y. J., & Sim, C. L. (2016). Relative Advantage and Competitive Pressure towards Implementation of E-commerce: Overview of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Procedia Economics and Finance, 35, 434–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)00054-x
Sinaga, Y. V. A. (2018). Tinjauan Yuridis Pelaksanaan Kontrak Pengadaan Renovasi Gedung pada Kantor Wilayah Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Negara Sumatera Utara (Studi Kontrak Nomor Prj-1/Wkn. 02/Pbj/2018).
Thomas, M. H. (2020). The impact of communication technology and social media on intergenerational relationships between older individuals and their adult children in Bangkok. Manusya, 23(2), 188–204. https://doi.org/10.1163/26659077-02302003
Tokunaga, R. S. (2014). Relational transgressions on social networking sites: Individual, interpersonal, and contextual explanations for dyadic strain and communication rules change. Computers in Human Behavior, 39, 287–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.07.024
Tosza, S. (2021). Internet service providers as law enforcers and adjudicators. A public role of private actors. Computer Law & Security Review, 43, 105614.
Vakulenko, Y., Shams, P., Hellström, D., & Hjort, K. (2019). Service innovation in e-commerce last mile delivery: Mapping the e-customer journey. Journal of Business Research, 101, 461–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.01.016
Wang, S., Cavusoglu, H., & Deng, Z. (2016). Early mover advantage in e-commerce platforms with low entry barriers: The role of customer relationship management capabilities. Information and Management, 53(2), 197–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2015.09.011
Wen, T., Chen, Y. wang, Syed, T. A., & Ghataoura, D. (2025). Examining communication network behaviors, structure and dynamics in an organizational hierarchy: A social network analysis approach. Information Processing and Management, 62(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2024.103927
Xu, X., & Lockwood, J. (2021). What’s going on in the chat flow? A move analysis of e-commerce customer service webchat exchange. English for Specific Purposes, 61, 84–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2020.09.002
Yasin, N. (2003). Mengenal kontrak konstruksi di Indonesia. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Ahmad Rizky Siregar, Wieke Dewi Suryandari, Hono Sejati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
