Effect of Garlic (Allium Sativum) Extract on Hemoglobin Levels in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58344/jws.v2i1.129Keywords:
chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis, hemoglobin, allium sativumAbstract
CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis have increased inflammatory biomarkers. Anemia in CKD is associated with an advanced degree of inflammation while undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Garlic (Allium sativum) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which are expected to improve the degree of inflammation in CKD patients. This study aims to assess the effect of garlic extract on hemoglobin levels in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. This study was an experimental study with a double-blind, randomized clinical trial design. This study was a crossover, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. The study subjects were 40 stages 5 CKD patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, randomly divided into two groups, namely the group that received 1000 mg of garlic extract per day (2x500 mg) for six weeks and the group that received a placebo, then a 2-week wash-out period. And after that, the two groups were given alternate treatment. Statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS version 25.0 program. A total of 40 subjects participated in the study, 57.5% male. The mean age of the subjects was 48.6 (26-59) years. The results showed that there was a significant difference in Hb levels in the garlic group (p = 0.047), where the increase in Hb was from 10.2 (9.2–11.8) mg/dl to 10.23 (8.9–11.6) mg/dl while in the placebo group, there was a decrease in Hb from 10.18 (9.6 – 11.2) mg/dl to 10.05 ± 0.52 mg/dl. Garlic extract can reduce levels of inflammation which can then increase hemoglobin levels.
References
(IRR), IRR (2017). 10th Report Of Indonesian Renal Registry.
Akchurin, O., Patino, E., Dalal, V., Meza, K., Bhatia, D., Brovender, S., Zhu, Y.-S., Cunningham-Rundles, S., Perelstein, E., & Kumar, J. (2019). Interleukin-6 contributes to the development of anemia in juvenile CKD. Kidney International Reports, 4 (3), 470–483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2018.12.006
Amore, A., & Coppo, R. (2002). Immunological basis of inflammation in dialysis. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 17 (suppl_8), 16–24. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/17.suppl_8.16
Anda Syahputra, A., & Mutiah, C. (nd). Comparison Of Hemoglobin Levels Before And After Hemodialysis In Chronic Rental Failure Patients.
Bacci, MR, Adami, F., Figueiredo, FWS, Alves, BCA, da Veiga, GL, & Fonseca, FLA (2018). Quality of life on hemodialysis and inflammation: a descriptive analysis. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 51.
El-Saber Batiha, G., Magdy Beshbishy, A., G. Wasef, L., Elewa, YHA, A. Al-Sagan, A., Abd El-Hack, ME, Taha, AE, M. Abd-Elhakim , Y., & Prasad Devkota, H. (2020). Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of garlic (Allium sativum L.): A review. Nutrients, 12 (3), 872. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030872
Fadhilah, FA (2016). Correlation Between Decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate and Severity of Anemia in Diabetic Nephropathy Patients at RSUD dr. Sayidiman Magetan. Muhammadiyah Surakarta university.
Group, KDIGO (KDIGO) C.-MW (2009). KDIGO clinical practice guideline for diagnosing, evaluating, preventing, and treating Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD). Kidney International. Supplements, 76 (113), S1-130. https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2009.188
Hsu, RK, McCulloch, CE, Heung, M., Saran, R., Shahinian, VB, Pavkov, ME, Burrows, NR, Powe, NR, & Hsu, CY (2016). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Chronic Kidney Disease Surveillance Team: Exploring potential reasons for the temporal trend in dialysis-requiring AKI in the United States. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 11 (1), 14–20.
Ibrahim, IA, Mohamad, UM, Darweesh, HA, & Rashad, AM (2014). Impact of hepcidin, interleukin 6, and other inflammatory markers concerning erythropoietin on anemia in chronic hemodialysis patients. The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine, 26 (1), 6–14.
Kendenan, M., Ali, Z., Kurniati, N., & Saleh, I. (2021). The Effectiveness of Giving Garlic Extract in Reducing Serum and Dialysate Interleukin-6 Levels in Continous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. Sriwijaya Journal of Medicine, 4 (2), 131–137.
Moulia, MN (2018). Antimicrobial garlic extract. Journal of Food, 27 (1), 55–66.
Portolés, J., Martín, L., Broseta, JJ, & Cases, A. (2021). Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: From Pathophysiology and Current Treatments to Future Agents. Frontiers in Medicine, 8, 642296. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.642296
Ried, K., & Fakler, P. (2014). Potential of garlic (Allium sativum) in lowering high blood pressure: mechanisms of action and clinical relevance. Integrated Blood Pressure Control, 7, 71.
Zare, E., Alirezaei, A., Bakhtiyari, M., & Mansouri, A. (2019). Evaluating the effect of garlic extract on serum inflammatory markers of peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial study. BMC Nephrology, 20 (1), 1–8.
Zota, AR, Calafat, AM, & Woodruff, TJ (2014). Temporal trends in phthalate exposures: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2010. Environmental Health Perspectives, 122 (3), 235–241. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1306681
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of World Science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
