Occupational Risk Factors of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome on Workers: A Literature Review
Abstract
The median nerve at the wrist becomes crushed in a condition known as carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), which causes pain, numbness, and tingling in the worker's hand's palm. Risk elements for CTS include things like uncomfortable body posture at work, repetitive hand motions, and vibration exposure. Reviewing prior research on the connection between CTS and potential risk factors such worker hand posture, exposure to hand-arm vibrations, and repetitive hand movements is the goal of this study. The research approach involves searching for relevant articles using the terms carpal tunnel syndrome AND (occupational risk factors OR uncomfortable posture OR hand-arm vibrations OR repeated hand movements) in databases like ScienceDirect, PubMed, ResearchGate, and Scopus. The study indicates that Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is related to repetitive hand movements, hand-arm vibrations, and awkward hand posture during work. This research implies the importance of awareness about occupational safety. Additionally, the study suggests that job designs considering repetitive hand movements, vibrations, and incorrect posture can reduce the risk of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Therefore, it is hoped that organizations and workers can collaborate to create a safer, healthier, and more productive work environment.
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References
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Vihlborg, P., Pettersson, H., Makdoumi, K., Wikström, S., Bryngelsson, I.-L., Selander, J., & Graff, P. (2022). Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Hand-Arm Vibration: A Swedish National Registry Case-Control Study. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 64(3), 197–201. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000002451
ACGIH. (2021). The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs).
Aroori, S., & Spence, R. A. J. (2008). Carpal tunnel syndrome. The Ulster Medical Journal, 77(1), 6–17.
Daniels, N. (2014). Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - Causes, Prevention and Treatment. BookRix GmbH & Co. KG.
de Jesus Júnior, L. C., Tedesco, T. K., Macedo, M. C., Agra, C. M., Mello-Moura, A. C., & Morimoto, S. (2018). A self-report joint damage and musculoskeletal disorders data among dentists: a cross-sectional study. Minerva Stomatologica, 67(2), 62–67. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0026-4970.17.04033-X
Erick, P., Benjamin, K., Raditloko, S., Tapera, R., & Mbongwe, B. (2021). Risk factors for self-reported carpal tunnel syndrome among hairstylists in Gaborone, Botswana. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 34(3), 437–450. https://doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01659
Franklin, G. M., & Friedman, A. S. (2015). Work-Related Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Diagnosis and Treatment Guideline. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 26(3), 523–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2015.04.003
Ginsberg, L. (2010). Lecture Notes: Neurology (9th ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.
Harris Adamson, C., Eisen, E., Kapellusch, J., Hegmann, K., Thiese, M., Dale, A.-M., Meyers, A., Bao, S., Gerr, F., Krause, N., & Rempel, D. (2022). Occupational risk factors for work disability following carpal tunnel syndrome: a pooled prospective study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 79, oemed-2021. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2021-107771
Hulkkonen, S., Shiri, R., Auvinen, J., Miettunen, J., Karppinen, J., & Ryhänen, J. (2020). Risk factors of hospitalization for carpal tunnel syndrome among the general working population. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 46(1), 43–49.
Ijaz, S., Ali, M., Saeed, S., Ali, M., Sultan, S., & Shah, R. U. (2023). Prevalence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and its Associated Risk Factors among Workers of Marble Industries of Abbottabad. Journal of Women Medical and Dental College, 1(4 SE-Articles). https://doi.org/10.56600/jwmdc.v1i4.53
Keir, P. J., Bach, J. M., & Rempel, D. M. (1998). Effects of finger posture on carpal tunnel pressure during wrist motion. The Journal of Hand Surgery, 23(6), 1004–1009. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-5023(98)80007-5
Keir, P. J., Wells, R. P., Ranney, D. A., & Lavery, W. (1997). The effects of tendon load and posture on carpal tunnel pressure. The Journal of Hand Surgery, 22(4), 628–634. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-5023(97)80119-0
Kothari, M. J. (2022). Carpal tunnel syndrome: Clinical manifestations and diagnosis. UpToDate by Wolters Kluwer.
Maghsoudipour, M., Hosseini, F., Coh, P., & Garib, S. (2021). Evaluation of occupational and non-occupational risk factors associated with carpal tunnel syndrome in dentists. Work (Reading, Mass.), 69(1), 181–186. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-213467
Mallapiang, F., & Wahyudi, A. A. (2015). Gambaran Faktor Pekerjaan dengan Kejadian Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) pada Pengrajin Batu Tatakan di Desa Lempang Kec. Tanete Riaja Kabupaten Barru Tahun 2015. Al-Sihah: The Public Health Science Journal, 7(1 SE-Volume 6-8, Nomor 1-2, Tahun 2014-16). https://doi.org/10.24252/as.v7i1.1974
Riccò, M., & Signorelli, C. (2017). Personal and occupational risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome in meat processing industry workers in Northern Italy. Medycyna Pracy, 68(2), 199–209. https://doi.org/10.13075/mp.5893.00605
Roquelaure, Y., Garlantézec, R., Evanoff, B. A., Descatha, A., Fassier, J.-B., & Bodin, J. (2020). Personal, biomechanical, psychosocial, and organizational risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome: a structural equation modeling approach. Pain, 161(4), 749–757. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001766
Roquelaure, Y., Jégo, S., Geoffroy-Perez, B., Chazelle, E., Descatha, A., Evanoff, B., Garlantézec, R., & Bodin, J. (2020). Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Among Male French Farmers and Agricultural Workers: Is It Only Associated With Physical Exposure? Safety and Health at Work, 11(1), 33–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2019.12.003
Salawati, L., & Syahrul, S. (2014). Carpal Tunel Syndrome. Jurnal Kedokteran Syiah Kuala, 14(1).
Sekarsari, D., Pratiwi, arum dian, & Farzan, A. (2017). Hubungan Lama Kerja, Gerakan Repetitif dan Postur Janggal Pada Tangan Dengan Keluhan Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) Pada Pekerja Pemecah Batu Di Kecamatan Moramo Utara Kabupaten Konawe Selatan Tahun 2016. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kesehatan Masyarakat Unsyiah, 2(6).
Sevy, J. O., Varacallo, M., & Kabir, R. (2022). Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. StatPearls Publishing.
Suma’mur. (2013). Higene Perusahaan dan Kesehatan Kerja (HIPERKES) (2nd ed.). Sagung Seto.
The Control of Vibration at Work Regulations, (2005).
van Rijn, R. M., Huisstede, B. M. A., Koes, B. W., & Burdorf, A. (2009). Associations between work-related factors and the carpal tunnel syndrome—a systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 1, 19–36. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.1306
Vihlborg, P., Pettersson, H., Makdoumi, K., Wikström, S., Bryngelsson, I.-L., Selander, J., & Graff, P. (2022). Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Hand-Arm Vibration: A Swedish National Registry Case-Control Study. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 64(3), 197–201. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000002451
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