Exploring the Role of Stem Cell Therapy in Improving Cognitive and Physical Outcomes for Down Syndrome Patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58344/jws.v4i1.1293Keywords:
cognitive, down syndrome, physical outcomes, stem cell therapyAbstract
This review explores the benefits of Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) therapy concerning Down syndrome (DS), cognitive and behavioral disorders, and other related physiological complications. Two pediatric patients with DS participated in this study, receiving MSC therapy over six months through a qualitative case study approach. Patient A was a 5-year-old male experiencing moderate developmental delays and recurrent infections. Patient B was a 6-year-old female facing mild intellectual disabilities and difficulties in social interaction. The initial and follow-up assessments conducted at baseline, three months, and six months after treatment revealed that patients A and B significantly improved in linguistic abilities, attention, social interactions, and motor coordination. Moreover, enhancing inflammatory indices, such as CRP and IL-6, indicated effective regulation of the immune response and reduced inflammation. Both patients adhered to the therapy without any reported side effects. Thus, the findings highlight the potential neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects of MSC therapy, suggesting it may serve as a viable adjunct treatment for DS. However, due to the limited number of participants and the relatively short observation period, some limitations, such as the small group size and brief study duration, should be acknowledged, necessitating further larger-scale trials to validate these results and establish protocols. This study adds to the existing literature on MSCs in neurodevelopmental disorders and aims to provide a foundation for exploring new treatment options for DS.
References
Alghwiri, A. A., Jamali, F., Aldughmi, M., Khalil, H., Al-Sharman, A., Alhattab, D., Al-Radaideh, A., & Awidi, A. (2020). The effect of stem cell therapy and comprehensive physical therapy in motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis. Medicine, 99(34), e21646. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000021646
Alvarez-Viejo, M., & Haider, K. H. (2022). Mesenchymal Stem Cells. In Handbook of Stem Cell Therapy (pp. 127–162). Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2655-6_6
Bartesaghi, R., Vicari, S., & Mobley, W. C. (2022). Prenatal and Postnatal Pharmacotherapy in Down Syndrome: The Search to Prevent or Ameliorate Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 62(1), 211–233. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-041521-103641
Gou, Y., Huang, Y., Luo, W., Li, Y., Zhao, P., Zhong, J., Dong, X., Guo, M., Li, A., Hao, A., Zhao, G., Wang, Y., Zhu, Y., Zhang, H., Shi, Y., Wagstaff, W., Luu, H. H., Shi, L. L., Reid, R. R., … Fan, J. (2024). Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a superior cell source for bone tissue engineering. Bioactive Materials, 34, 51–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.12.003
Hendrix, J. A., Amon, A., Abbeduto, L., Agiovlasitis, S., Alsaied, T., Anderson, H. A., Bain, L. J., Baumer, N., Bhattacharyya, A., Bogunovic, D., Botteron, K. N., Capone, G., Chandan, P., Chase, I., Chicoine, B., Cieuta-Walti, C., DeRuisseau, L. R., Durand, S., Esbensen, A., … Yi, J. S. (2021). Opportunities, barriers, and recommendations in Down syndrome research. Translational Science of Rare Diseases, 5(3–4), 99–129. https://doi.org/10.3233/TRD-200090
Jalali, L., Allahveisie, A., Rezaei, S., Ravanyar, L., Kiasatfar, J., Rezaie, M. J., & Raoofi, A. (2023). Effect of preconditioning of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells with hydrogen peroxide on the therapeutic potential of MSCs in the cyclophosphamide -induced premature ovarian failure mice model. Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 62(5), 667–676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2023.07.007
Lee, S. E., Duran-Martinez, M., Khantsis, S., Bianchi, D. W., & Guedj, F. (2020). Challenges and Opportunities for Translation of Therapies to Improve Cognition in Down Syndrome. Trends in Molecular Medicine, 26(2), 150–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2019.10.001
Lian, J., Xia, L., Wang, G., Wu, W., Yi, P., Li, M., Su, X., Chen, Y., Li, X., Dou, F., & Wang, Z. (2024). Multi-omics evaluation of clinical-grade human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in synergistic improvement of aging related disorders in a senescence-accelerated mouse model. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 15(1), 383. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-024-03986-9
Paprocka, J., Kaminiów, K., Kozak, S., Sztuba, K., & Emich-Widera, E. (2021). Stem Cell Therapies for Cerebral Palsy and Autism Spectrum Disorder—A Systematic Review. Brain Sciences, 11(12), 1606. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11121606
Peng, Y., Deng, X., Xu, Z., Wu, Z., & Fu, Q. (2023). Mesenchymal stromal cells and their small extracellular vesicles in allergic diseases: From immunomodulation to therapy. European Journal of Immunology, 53(10). https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.202149510
Puranik, N., Yadav, D., Chauhan, P. S., Kwak, M., & Jin, J.-O. (2021). Exploring the Role of Gene Therapy for Neurological Disorders. Current Gene Therapy, 21(1), 11–22. https://doi.org/10.2174/1566523220999200917114101
Salwa, & Kumar, L. (2021). Engrafted stem cell therapy for Alzheimer’s disease: A promising treatment strategy with clinical outcome. Journal of Controlled Release, 338, 837–857. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCONREL.2021.09.007
Shi, Y., Wang, Y., Li, Q., Liu, K., Hou, J., Shao, C., & Wang, Y. (2018). Immunoregulatory mechanisms of mesenchymal stem and stromal cells in inflammatory diseases. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 14(8), 493–507. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-018-0023-5
Snyder, H. M., Bain, L. J., Brickman, A. M., Carrillo, M. C., Esbensen, A. J., Espinosa, J. M., Fernandez, F., Fortea, J., Hartley, S. L., Head, E., Hendrix, J., Kishnani, P. S., Lai, F., Lao, P., Lemere, C., Mobley, W., Mufson, E. J., Potter, H., Zaman, S. H., … Rafii, M. S. (2020). Further understanding the connection between Alzheimer’s disease and Down syndrome. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 16(7), 1065–1077. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12112
Vaheb, S., Afshin, S., Ghoshouni, H., Ghaffary, E. M., Farzan, M., Shaygannejad, V., Thapa, S., Zabeti, A., & Mirmosayyeb, O. (2024). Neurological efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS): An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2024.105681
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Deby Susanti Pada Vinski Pada Vinski, Jaime Rodriguez Quintosa, Jajang Edi Priyatno, Andi Kurniawan Nugroho, Natasha Cinta Vinski
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
